如何在tkinter中使用画布上的覆盖Vkeyboard

Question

我有一个使用grid在tkinter中编写的Vkeyboard代码。我想在我的画布和上面的背景图像上实现它。

以下是我的代码。

from tkinter import *

Keyboard_App = Tk()
canvas = Canvas(Keyboard_App, width=400, height=400)
canvas.pack(side="top", fill="both", expand=True)
background = PhotoImage(file="Images/background.png")
canvas.create_image(400,400,image=background, tags="B")
buttons = [
'1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', '8', '9', '0', '=',
'q', 'w', 'e', 'r', 't', 'y', 'u', 'i', 'o', 'p', '<-',
'a', 's', 'd', 'f', 'g', 'h', 'j', 'k', 'l', ';', '"',
'z', 'x', 'c', 'v', 'b', 'n', 'm', ',', '.', '/', 'SHIFT',
' Space ',
]
curBut = [-1,-1]
buttonL = [[]]
entry = Text(Keyboard_App, width=97, height=8)
entry.grid(row=0, columnspan=15)
varRow = 1
varColumn = 0
def leftKey(event):
if curBut == [-1,-1]:
curBut[:] = [0,0]
buttonL[0][0].configure(highlightbackground='red')
elif curBut[0] == 4:
buttonL[curBut[0]][curBut[1]].configure(highlightbackground='#d9d9d9')
curBut[:] = [0,10]
buttonL[0][10].configure(highlightbackground='red')
else:
buttonL[curBut[0]][curBut[1]].configure(highlightbackground='#d9d9d9')
curBut[:] = [curBut[0], (curBut[1]-1)%11]
buttonL[curBut[0]][curBut[1]%11].configure(highlightbackground='red')
def rightKey(event):
if curBut == [-1,-1]:
curBut[:] = [0,0]
buttonL[0][0].configure(highlightbackground='red')
elif curBut[0] == 4:
buttonL[curBut[0]][curBut[1]].configure(highlightbackground='#d9d9d9')
curBut[:] = [0,0]
buttonL[0][0].configure(highlightbackground='red')
else:
buttonL[curBut[0]][curBut[1]].configure(highlightbackground='#d9d9d9')
curBut[:] = [curBut[0], (curBut[1]+1)%11]
buttonL[curBut[0]][curBut[1]%11].configure(highlightbackground='red')
def upKey(event):
if curBut == [-1,-1]:
curBut[:] = [0,0]
buttonL[0][0].configure(highlightbackground='red')
elif curBut[0] == 0:
buttonL[curBut[0]][curBut[1]].configure(highlightbackground='#d9d9d9')
curBut[:] = [(curBut[0]-1)%5, 0]
buttonL[curBut[0]][curBut[1]%11].configure(highlightbackground='red')
else:
buttonL[curBut[0]][curBut[1]].configure(highlightbackground='#d9d9d9')
curBut[:] = [(curBut[0]-1)%5, curBut[1]]
buttonL[curBut[0]][curBut[1]%11].configure(highlightbackground='red')
def downKey(event):
if curBut == [-1,-1]:
curBut[:] = [0,0]
buttonL[0][0].configure(highlightbackground='red')
elif curBut[0] == 3:
buttonL[curBut[0]][curBut[1]].configure(highlightbackground='#d9d9d9')
curBut[:] = [(curBut[0]+1)%5, 0]
buttonL[curBut[0]][curBut[1]%11].configure(highlightbackground='red')
else:
buttonL[curBut[0]][curBut[1]].configure(highlightbackground='#d9d9d9')
curBut[:] = [(curBut[0]+1)%5, curBut[1]]
buttonL[curBut[0]][curBut[1]%11].configure(highlightbackground='red')
def select(value, x, y):
if curBut != [-1,-1]:
buttonL[curBut[0]][curBut[1]].configure(highlightbackground='#d9d9d9')
curBut[:] = [x,y]
buttonL[x][y].configure(highlightbackground='red')
if value == "<-":
input = entry.get("1.0", 'end-2c')
entry.delete("1.0", END)
entry.insert("1.0", input, END)
elif value == " Space ":
entry.insert(END, ' ')
elif value == "Tab":
entry.insert(END, '   ')
else:
entry.insert(END, value)
for button in buttons:
if button != " Space ":
but = Button(Keyboard_App, text=button, width=5, bg="#000000", fg="#ffffff", highlightthickness=4, 
activebackground="#ffffff", activeforeground="#000000", relief="raised", padx=12,
pady=4, bd=4, command=lambda x=button, i=varRow-1, j=varColumn: select(x, i, j))
buttonL[varRow-1].append(but)
but.grid(row=varRow, column=varColumn)
if button == " Space ":
but = Button(Keyboard_App, text=button, width=60, bg="#000000", fg="#ffffff", highlightthickness=4, 
activebackground="#ffffff", activeforeground="#000000", relief="raised", padx=4,
pady=4, bd=4, command=lambda x=button, i=varRow-1, j=varColumn: select(x, i, j))
buttonL[varRow-1].append(but)
but.grid(row=6, columnspan=16)
varColumn += 1
if varColumn > 10:
varColumn = 0
varRow += 1
buttonL.append([])
Keyboard_App.bind('<Left>', leftKey)
Keyboard_App.bind('<Right>', rightKey)
Keyboard_App.bind('<Up>', upKey)
Keyboard_App.bind('<Down>', downKey)
Keyboard_App.mainloop()

这导致了一个错误，即_tkinter.TclError: cannot use geometry manager grid inside . which already has slaves managed by pack，因为我不能在单个帧中同时使用grid和pack。我对代码很困惑，比如我应该如何解决这个问题。有人能告诉我如何使用我的代码走上正轨吗？谢谢

Answer 1

正如错误所提到的，您不能在同一帧中同时使用grid和pack。您需要删除对.pack()的调用才能使其工作。

canvas = Canvas(Keyboard_App, width=400, height=400)
canvas.place(x=0, y=0, relwidth=1, relheight=1)
background = PhotoImage(file="Images/background.png")
canvas.create_image(400,400,image=background, tags="B")

您还需要调用.place()，让它知道在窗口上的显示位置。relwidth和relweight只是相对于主对象的宽度和权重，在这里是可选的。

注意，如果你的旧代码确实管理了图像，这并不能正确地调整图像的大小。我建议你使用PIL库。如果你想调整图像的尺寸，我可以向你展示适用于你的情况的代码；我相信简单地使用PhotoImage也是可能的，但不实用。