我正试图在Python 3.8下使用Tortoise ORM在FastAPI中编写一些异步测试，但我一直收到相同的错误(见末尾(。在过去的几天里，我一直在努力解决这个问题，但不知何故，我最近在创建测试方面的所有努力都没有成功。
我正在关注关于这个的fastapi文档和乌龟文档。
main.py
# UserPy is a pydantic model
@app.post('/testpost')
async def world(user: UserPy) -> UserPy:
await User.create(**user.dict())
# Just returns the user model
return user
simple_test.py
from fastapi.testclient import TestClient
from httpx import AsyncClient
@pytest.fixture
def client1():
with TestClient(app) as tc:
yield tc
@pytest.fixture
def client2():
initializer(DATABASE_MODELS, DATABASE_URL)
with TestClient(app) as tc:
yield tc
finalizer()
@pytest.fixture
def event_loop(client2): # Been using client1 and client2 on this
yield client2.task.get_loop()
# The test
@pytest.mark.asyncio
def test_testpost(client2, event_loop):
name, age = ['sam', 99]
data = json.dumps(dict(username=name, age=age))
res = client2.post('/testpost', data=data)
assert res.status_code == 200
# Sample query
async def getx(id):
return await User.get(pk=id)
x = event_loop.run_until_complete(getx(123))
assert x.id == 123
# end of code
我的错误因使用client1还是client2而异
使用client1错误
RuntimeError: Task <Task pending name='Task-9' coro=<TestClient.wait_shutdown() running at <my virtualenv path>/site-packages/starlette/testclient.py:487> cb=[_run_until_complete_cb() at /usr/lib/python3.8/asyncio/base_events.py:184]> got Future <Future pending> attached to a different loop
使用client2错误
asyncpg.exceptions.ObjectInUseError: cannot drop the currently open database
哦，我也尝试过使用httpx.AsyncClient，但仍然没有成功(还有更多错误(。任何想法，因为我是我自己的。
我花了大约一个小时来完成异步测试。以下是示例：(Python3.8+是必需的(
- conftest.py
import pytest
from httpx import AsyncClient
from tortoise import Tortoise
from main import app
DB_URL = "sqlite://:memory:"
async def init_db(db_url, create_db: bool = False, schemas: bool = False) -> None:
"""Initial database connection"""
await Tortoise.init(
db_url=db_url, modules={"models": ["models"]}, _create_db=create_db
)
if create_db:
print(f"Database created! {db_url = }")
if schemas:
await Tortoise.generate_schemas()
print("Success to generate schemas")
async def init(db_url: str = DB_URL):
await init_db(db_url, True, True)
@pytest.fixture(scope="session")
def anyio_backend():
return "asyncio"
@pytest.fixture(scope="session")
async def client():
async with AsyncClient(app=app, base_url="http://test") as client:
print("Client is ready")
yield client
@pytest.fixture(scope="session", autouse=True)
async def initialize_tests():
await init()
yield
await Tortoise._drop_databases()
- 设置.py
import os
from dotenv import load_dotenv
load_dotenv()
DB_NAME = "async_test"
DB_URL = os.getenv(
"APP_DB_URL", f"postgres://postgres:postgres@127.0.0.1:5432/{DB_NAME}"
)
ALLOW_ORIGINS = [
"http://localhost",
"http://localhost:8080",
"http://localhost:8000",
"https://example.com",
]
- main.py
from fastapi import FastAPI
from fastapi.middleware.cors import CORSMiddleware
from models.users import User, User_Pydantic, User_Pydantic_List, UserIn_Pydantic
from settings import ALLOW_ORIGINS, DB_URL
from tortoise.contrib.fastapi import register_tortoise
app = FastAPI()
app.add_middleware(
CORSMiddleware,
allow_origins=ALLOW_ORIGINS,
allow_credentials=True,
allow_methods=["*"],
allow_headers=["*"],
)
@app.post("/testpost", response_model=User_Pydantic)
async def world(user: UserIn_Pydantic):
return await User.create(**user.dict())
@app.get("/users", response_model=User_Pydantic_List)
async def user_list():
return await User.all()
register_tortoise(
app,
config={
"connections": {"default": DB_URL},
"apps": {"models": {"models": ["models"]}},
"use_tz": True,
"timezone": "Asia/Shanghai",
"generate_schemas": True,
},
)
- 模型/base.py
from typing import List, Set, Tuple, Union
from tortoise import fields, models
from tortoise.queryset import Q, QuerySet
def reduce_query_filters(args: Tuple[Q, ...]) -> Set:
fields = set()
for q in args:
fields |= set(q.filters)
c: Union[List[Q], Tuple[Q, ...]] = q.children
while c:
_c: List[Q] = []
for i in c:
fields |= set(i.filters)
_c += list(i.children)
c = _c
return fields
class AbsModel(models.Model):
id = fields.IntField(pk=True)
created_at = fields.DatetimeField(auto_now_add=True, description="Created At")
updated_at = fields.DatetimeField(auto_now=True, description="Updated At")
is_deleted = fields.BooleanField(default=False, description="Mark as Deleted")
class Meta:
abstract = True
ordering = ("-id",)
@classmethod
def filter(cls, *args, **kwargs) -> QuerySet:
field = "is_deleted"
if not args or (field not in reduce_query_filters(args)):
kwargs.setdefault(field, False)
return super().filter(*args, **kwargs)
class PydanticMeta:
exclude = ("created_at", "updated_at", "is_deleted")
def __repr__(self):
return f"<{self.__class__.__name__} {self.id}>"
- 模型/用户.py
from tortoise.contrib.pydantic import pydantic_model_creator, pydantic_queryset_creator
from .base import AbsModel, fields
class User(AbsModel):
username = fields.CharField(60)
age = fields.IntField()
class Meta:
table = "users"
def __str__(self):
return self.name
User_Pydantic = pydantic_model_creator(User)
UserIn_Pydantic = pydantic_model_creator(User, name="UserIn", exclude_readonly=True)
User_Pydantic_List = pydantic_queryset_creator(User)
models/__init__.py
from .users import User # NOQA: F401
- 测试/test_users.py
import pytest
from httpx import AsyncClient
from models.users import User
@pytest.mark.anyio
async def test_testpost(client: AsyncClient):
name, age = ["sam", 99]
assert await User.filter(username=name).count() == 0
data = {"username": name, "age": age}
response = await client.post("/testpost", json=data)
assert response.json() == dict(data, id=1)
assert response.status_code == 200
response = await client.get("/users")
assert response.status_code == 200
assert response.json() == [dict(data, id=1)]
assert await User.filter(username=name).count() == 1
演示的源代码已发布到github：https://github.com/waketzheng/fastapi-tortoise-pytest-demo.git