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Spring Boot Junit测试用构造函数注入dao接口



好的，所以我正在尝试设置一个springboot/junit测试，测试通过构造函数注入到其他类的DAO。最初我尝试了构造函数注入

import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.boot.test.autoconfigure.jdbc.AutoConfigureTestDatabase;
import org.springframework.boot.test.autoconfigure.orm.jpa.DataJpaTest;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringRunner;
import com.portfolio.bork.webapp.services.db.ProjectDao;
@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@DataJpaTest
@AutoConfigureTestDatabase(replace = AutoConfigureTestDatabase.Replace.NONE)
public class ProjectDaoTest  {
ProjectDao projectDao;
@Test
public void getProject() {
assert projectDao.getProjectById(1L) != null;
}
public ProjectDaoTest() {}
public ProjectDaoTest(ProjectDao projectDao) {
this.projectDao = projectDao;
}
public void setProjectDao(ProjectDao projectDao) {
this.projectDao = projectDao;
}
}

但随后得到错误消息

java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: Test class can only have one constructor

然后环顾四周，看到了一些选项，这些选项可以归结为使用Junit 5(允许多个构造函数(或使用Mockito。我更愿意坚持春季启动器测试包中的内容。所以我选择了莫基托路线。作为这样的

import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.mockito.InjectMocks;
import org.mockito.junit.MockitoJUnitRunner;
import org.springframework.boot.test.autoconfigure.jdbc.AutoConfigureTestDatabase;
import org.springframework.boot.test.autoconfigure.orm.jpa.DataJpaTest;
// import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringRunner;
import com.portfolio.bork.webapp.services.db.ProjectDao;
@RunWith(MockitoJUnitRunner.class)
@DataJpaTest
@AutoConfigureTestDatabase(replace = AutoConfigureTestDatabase.Replace.NONE)
public class ProjectDaoTest  {
@InjectMocks ProjectDao projectDao;
@Test
public void getProject() {
assert projectDao.getProjectById(1L) != null;
}
public ProjectDaoTest() {}
public void setProjectDao(ProjectDao projectDao) {
this.projectDao = projectDao;
}
}

但是遇到这个问题，

org.mockito.exceptions.base.MockitoException: 
Cannot instantiate @InjectMocks field named 'projectDao'! Cause: the type 'ProjectDao' is an interface.
You haven't provided the instance at field declaration so I tried to construct the instance.
Examples of correct usage of @InjectMocks:
@InjectMocks Service service = new Service();
@InjectMocks Service service;
//and... don't forget about some @Mocks for injection :)

如果我试图模拟DAO实现(我试图避免(，我会得到一个错误

@InjectMocks ProjectDaoImpl projectDao;
// error
java.lang.NullPointerException at com.portfolio.bork.webapp.daotest.ProjectDaoTest.getProject(ProjectDaoTest.java:23)

这是我的DAO接口

public interface ProjectDao {
public Project getProjectById(Long projectId);
}

其实现

package com.portfolio.bork.webapp.services.db;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;
import javax.persistence.EntityManager;
import javax.persistence.PersistenceContext;
import com.portfolio.bork.webapp.model.Project;
@Repository
public class ProjectDaoImpl implements ProjectDao {
@PersistenceContext
private EntityManager entityManager;
@Autowired
public ProjectDaoImpl() {}
public Project getProjectById(Long projectId) {
return entityManager.find(Project.class, projectId);
}
}

我在我的休息控制器中使用它们

@RestController
public class ProjectRestController {
private ProjectDao projectDao;
...
// for constructor injection
public ProjectRestController(ProjectDao projectDao) {
this.projectDao = projectDao;
}
public void setProjectDao(ProjectDao projectDao) {
this.projectDao = projectDao;
}
}

这是我的pom.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<parent>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
<version>2.2.5.RELEASE</version>
<relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
</parent>
<groupId>com.portfolio.bork</groupId>
<artifactId>webapp</artifactId>
<version>01</version>
<packaging>war</packaging>
<name>webapp</name>
<description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>
<properties>
<java.version>1.8</java.version>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-jpa</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
<scope>runtime</scope>
<optional>true</optional>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-tomcat</artifactId>
<scope>provided</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>

<dependency>
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
<!-- <scope>runtime</scope> -->
</dependency>

</dependencies>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
</project>

我对SpringBoot中不同形式的依赖注入(除了自动布线字段(有些陌生，对单元测试也有些陌生。我使用这个应用程序来探究测试代码如何与依赖项注入、源代码和测试应用程序上下文交互。我也希望能够在测试代码中不引用Dao实现代码。

更新：如果我试图自动连线设置器，我会得到这个错误。我认为我的测试没有获取源代码应用程序上下文？

package com.portfolio.bork.webapp;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.mockito.InjectMocks;
import org.mockito.Mock;
import org.mockito.junit.MockitoJUnitRunner;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.test.autoconfigure.jdbc.AutoConfigureTestDatabase;
import org.springframework.boot.test.autoconfigure.orm.jpa.DataJpaTest;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringRunner;
// import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringRunner;
import com.portfolio.bork.webapp.services.db.ProjectDao;
import com.portfolio.bork.webapp.services.db.ProjectDaoImpl;
@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@DataJpaTest
@AutoConfigureTestDatabase(replace = AutoConfigureTestDatabase.Replace.NONE)
public class ProjectDaoTest  {
ProjectDao projectDao;
@Test
public void getProject() {
assert projectDao.getProjectById(1L) != null;
}
public ProjectDaoTest() {}
@Autowired
public void setProjectDao(ProjectDao projectDao) {
this.projectDao = projectDao;
}
}

2020-04-20 19:16:12.256 ERROR 21124 --- [           main] o.s.test.context.TestContextManager      : Caught exception while allowing TestExecutionListener [org.springframework.boot.test.autoconfigure.SpringBootDependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener@68567e20] to prepare test instance [com.portfolio.bork.webapp.ProjectDaoTest@593aaf41]
org.springframework.beans.factory.UnsatisfiedDependencyException: Error creating bean with name 'com.portfolio.bork.webapp.ProjectDaoTest': Unsatisfied dependency expressed through 
method 'setProjectDao' parameter 0; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.NoSuchBeanDefinitionException: No qualifying bean of type 'com.portfolio.bork.webapp.services.db.ProjectDao' available: expected at least 1 bean which qualifies as autowire candidate. Dependency annotations: {}
at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor$AutowiredMethodElement.inject(AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:723) ~[spring-beans-5.2.4.RELEASE.jar:5.2.4.RELEASE]
at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.InjectionMetadata.inject(InjectionMetadata.java:130) ~[spring-beans-5.2.4.RELEASE.jar:5.2.4.RELEASE]
at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.postProcessProperties(AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:399) ~[spring-beans-5.2.4.RELEASE.jar:5.2.4.RELEASE]
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.populateBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1422) ~[spring-beans-5.2.4.RELEASE.jar:5.2.4.RELEASE]
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.autowireBeanProperties(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:393) ~[spring-beans-5.2.4.RELEASE.jar:5.2.4.RELEASE]
at org.springframework.test.context.support.DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.injectDependencies(DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.java:119) ~[spring-test-5.2.4.RELEASE.jar:5.2.4.RELEASE]
at org.springframework.test.context.support.DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.prepareTestInstance(DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.java:83) ~[spring-test-5.2.4.RELEASE.jar:5.2.4.RELEASE]
at org.springframework.boot.test.autoconfigure.SpringBootDependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.prepareTestInstance(SpringBootDependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.java:43) ~[spring-boot-test-autoconfigure-2.2.5.RELEASE.jar:2.2.5.RELEASE]
at org.springframework.test.context.TestContextManager.prepareTestInstance(TestContextManager.java:244) ~[spring-test-5.2.4.RELEASE.jar:5.2.4.RELEASE]
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.createTest(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:227) [spring-test-5.2.4.RELEASE.jar:5.2.4.RELEASE]
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner$1.runReflectiveCall(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:289) [spring-test-5.2.4.RELEASE.jar:5.2.4.RELEASE]
at org.junit.internal.runners.model.ReflectiveCallable.run(ReflectiveCallable.java:12) [junit-4.12.jar:4.12]
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.methodBlock(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:291) [spring-test-5.2.4.RELEASE.jar:5.2.4.RELEASE]
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:246) [spring-test-5.2.4.RELEASE.jar:5.2.4.RELEASE]
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:97) [spring-test-5.2.4.RELEASE.jar:5.2.4.RELEASE]
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$3.run(ParentRunner.java:290) [junit-4.12.jar:4.12]
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$1.schedule(ParentRunner.java:71) [junit-4.12.jar:4.12]
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runChildren(ParentRunner.java:288) [junit-4.12.jar:4.12]
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.access$000(ParentRunner.java:58) [junit-4.12.jar:4.12]
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$2.evaluate(ParentRunner.java:268) [junit-4.12.jar:4.12]
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.RunBeforeTestClassCallbacks.evaluate(RunBeforeTestClassCallbacks.java:61) [spring-test-5.2.4.RELEASE.jar:5.2.4.RELEASE]
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.RunAfterTestClassCallbacks.evaluate(RunAfterTestClassCallbacks.java:70) [spring-test-5.2.4.RELEASE.jar:5.2.4.RELEASE]
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.run(ParentRunner.java:363) [junit-4.12.jar:4.12]
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.run(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:190) [spring-test-5.2.4.RELEASE.jar:5.2.4.RELEASE]
at org.junit.runner.JUnitCore.run(JUnitCore.java:137) [junit-4.12.jar:4.12]
at org.junit.runner.JUnitCore.run(JUnitCore.java:115) [junit-4.12.jar:4.12]
at org.junit.vintage.engine.execution.RunnerExecutor.execute(RunnerExecutor.java:40) [junit-vintage-engine-5.5.2.jar:5.5.2]
at java.util.stream.ForEachOps$ForEachOp$OfRef.accept(ForEachOps.java:184) ~[na:1.8.0_161]
at java.util.stream.ReferencePipeline$3$1.accept(ReferencePipeline.java:193) ~[na:1.8.0_161]
at java.util.Iterator.forEachRemaining(Iterator.java:116) ~[na:1.8.0_161]
at java.util.Spliterators$IteratorSpliterator.forEachRemaining(Spliterators.java:1801) ~[na:1.8.0_161]
at java.util.stream.AbstractPipeline.copyInto(AbstractPipeline.java:481) ~[na:1.8.0_161]
at java.util.stream.AbstractPipeline.wrapAndCopyInto(AbstractPipeline.java:471) ~[na:1.8.0_161]
at java.util.stream.ForEachOps$ForEachOp.evaluateSequential(ForEachOps.java:151) ~[na:1.8.0_161]
at java.util.stream.ForEachOps$ForEachOp$OfRef.evaluateSequential(ForEachOps.java:174) ~[na:1.8.0_161]
at java.util.stream.AbstractPipeline.evaluate(AbstractPipeline.java:234) ~[na:1.8.0_161]
at java.util.stream.ReferencePipeline.forEach(ReferencePipeline.java:418) ~[na:1.8.0_161]
at org.junit.vintage.engine.VintageTestEngine.executeAllChildren(VintageTestEngine.java:80) ~[junit-vintage-engine-5.5.2.jar:5.5.2]
at org.junit.vintage.engine.VintageTestEngine.execute(VintageTestEngine.java:71) ~[junit-vintage-engine-5.5.2.jar:5.5.2]
at org.junit.platform.launcher.core.DefaultLauncher.execute(DefaultLauncher.java:220) ~[junit-platform-launcher-1.3.1.jar:1.3.1]
at org.junit.platform.launcher.core.DefaultLauncher.lambda$execute$6(DefaultLauncher.java:188) ~[junit-platform-launcher-1.3.1.jar:1.3.1]
at org.junit.platform.launcher.core.DefaultLauncher.withInterceptedStreams(DefaultLauncher.java:202) ~[junit-platform-launcher-1.3.1.jar:1.3.1]
at org.junit.platform.launcher.core.DefaultLauncher.execute(DefaultLauncher.java:181) ~[junit-platform-launcher-1.3.1.jar:1.3.1]
at org.junit.platform.launcher.core.DefaultLauncher.execute(DefaultLauncher.java:128) ~[junit-platform-launcher-1.3.1.jar:1.3.1]
at org.apache.maven.surefire.junitplatform.JUnitPlatformProvider.invokeAllTests(JUnitPlatformProvider.java:150) ~[surefire-junit-platform-2.22.2.jar:2.22.2]
at org.apache.maven.surefire.junitplatform.JUnitPlatformProvider.invoke(JUnitPlatformProvider.java:124) ~[surefire-junit-platform-2.22.2.jar:2.22.2]
at org.apache.maven.surefire.booter.ForkedBooter.invokeProviderInSameClassLoader(ForkedBooter.java:384) ~[surefire-booter-2.22.2.jar:2.22.2]
at org.apache.maven.surefire.booter.ForkedBooter.runSuitesInProcess(ForkedBooter.java:345) ~[surefire-booter-2.22.2.jar:2.22.2]
at org.apache.maven.surefire.booter.ForkedBooter.execute(ForkedBooter.java:126) ~[surefire-booter-2.22.2.jar:2.22.2]
at org.apache.maven.surefire.booter.ForkedBooter.main(ForkedBooter.java:418) ~[surefire-booter-2.22.2.jar:2.22.2]
Caused by: org.springframework.beans.factory.NoSuchBeanDefinitionException: No qualifying bean of type 'com.portfolio.bork.webapp.services.db.ProjectDao' available: expected at least 1 bean which qualifies as autowire candidate. Dependency annotations: {}
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.raiseNoMatchingBeanFound(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:1695) ~[spring-beans-5.2.4.RELEASE.jar:5.2.4.RELEASE]
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.doResolveDependency(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:1253) ~[spring-beans-5.2.4.RELEASE.jar:5.2.4.RELEASE]
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.resolveDependency(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:1207) ~[spring-beans-5.2.4.RELEASE.jar:5.2.4.RELEASE]
at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor$AutowiredMethodElement.inject(AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:715) ~[spring-beans-5.2.4.RELEASE.jar:5.2.4.RELEASE]
... 49 common frames omitted

如自动配置数据JPA测试中所述

您可以使用@DataJpaTest注释来测试JPA应用程序。默认情况下，它扫描@Entity类并配置SpringDataJPA存储库。如果类路径上有可用的嵌入式数据库，它也会配置一个。常规的@Component bean没有加载到ApplicationContext中。

您的存储库不是Spring Data存储库，因此不会加载到上下文

IMHO使用Spring Data repo(如果需要，可以使用自定义方法(是您的方法。

另请参阅：无法使用Spring Boot测试#8501 测试自定义存储库

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