如何在django中测试从外部端点请求数据的函数

Question

我正试图在django-api上测试我的函数，这些函数执行对外部api的外部请求。怎么可能我测试以下场景：成功、失败和异常，如超时

以下是简化的功能

def get_quote(*args):
# log request
try:
response = requests.post(url, json=data)
# parse this response
except:
# log file :)
finally:
# log_response(...)
return parsed_response or None

无：响应可以成功，也可以失败，也可以超时。我想测试的这些场景

Answer 1

您可以模拟调用外部API的结果，并在测试函数中设置预期的返回值：

from unittest.mock import patch
from django.test import TestCase
class ExternalAPITests(TestCase):
@patch("requests.post")
def test_get_quote(self, mock):
mock.return_value = "predetermined external result"
self.assertEquals("expected return value", get_quote())

Answer 2

您可以使用responses包-https://pypi.org/project/responses/

import unittest
import responses
from your_package import get_quote

class TestPackage(unittest.TestCase):
@responses.activate
def test_get_quote(self):
url = "http://some_fake_url.com"
responses.add(responses.POST, url, json={"test": "ok"}, status=200)
self.assertDictEqual({"test": "ok"}, get_quote(url))
@responses.activate
def test_get_quote_with_exception(self):
url = "http://some_fake_url.com"
responses.add(responses.POST, url, body=Exception('...'))
with self.assertRaises(Exception):
get_quote(url)