我正在尝试使用Python(3.8)和Sphinx(3.3.1)来构建HTML文档。但是，sphinx-build命令会给我以下错误：
C:UsersMeDropboxKuchen>sphinx-build -b html source build
Running Sphinx v3.3.1
loading pickled environment... done
building [mo]: targets for 0 po files that are out of date
building [html]: targets for 1 source files that are out of date
updating environment: 0 added, 1 changed, 0 removed
reading sources... [100%] kaesekuchen
looking for now-outdated files... none found
pickling environment... done
checking consistency... done
preparing documents... done
writing output... [100%] kaesekuchen
generating indices... genindex done
writing additional pages... search done
copying static files... WARNING: Failed to copy a file in html_static_file: c:usersmeappdatalocalprogramspythonpython38libsite-packagessphinxthemesbasicstatic/jquery-3.5.1.js: PermissionError(13, 'Permission denied')
WARNING: Failed to copy a file in html_static_file: c:usersmeappdatalocalprogramspythonpython38libsite-packagessphinxthemesbasicstatic/jquery.js: PermissionError(13, 'Permission denied')
done
copying extra files... done
dumping search index in English (code: en)... done
dumping object inventory... done
build succeeded, 2 warnings.
然而，
build中的HTML文件kaesekuchen不会更新/更改- 文件夹
c:usersmeappdatalocalprogramspythonpython38libsite-packagessphinx不存在
后者是我的错，因为我在文件资源管理器中删除了它，但只是因为我之前遇到了完全相同的错误，希望删除并重新安装Sphinx可以解决它。
相反，命令pip uninstall sphinx和随后的pip install -U sphinx不会更改该文件夹中的任何内容，并且后者只提供以下乐观输出，而不考虑以下输出：
Microsoft Windows [Version 10.0.18363.1198]
(c) 2019 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.
C:Usersme>pip uninstall sphinx
Found existing installation: Sphinx 3.3.1
Uninstalling Sphinx-3.3.1:
Would remove:
c:usersmeappdatalocalprogramspythonpython38libsite-packagessphinx-3.3.1.dist-info*
c:usersmeappdatalocalprogramspythonpython38libsite-packagessphinx*
c:usersmeappdatalocalprogramspythonpython38scriptssphinx-apidoc.exe
c:usersmeappdatalocalprogramspythonpython38scriptssphinx-autogen.exe
c:usersmeappdatalocalprogramspythonpython38scriptssphinx-build.exe
c:usersmeappdatalocalprogramspythonpython38scriptssphinx-quickstart.exe
Proceed (y/n)? y
Successfully uninstalled Sphinx-3.3.1
C:Usersme>pip install -U sphinx
Collecting sphinx
Using cached Sphinx-3.3.1-py3-none-any.whl (2.9 MB)
Requirement already satisfied, skipping upgrade: docutils>=0.12 in c:usersmeappdatalocalprogramspythonpython38libsite-packages (from sphinx) (0.16)
Requirement already satisfied, skipping upgrade: sphinxcontrib-serializinghtml in c:usersmeappdatalocalprogramspythonpython38libsite-packages (from sphinx) (1.1.4)
Requirement already satisfied, skipping upgrade: snowballstemmer>=1.1 in c:usersmeappdatalocalprogramspythonpython38libsite-packages (from sphinx) (2.0.0)
Requirement already satisfied, skipping upgrade: alabaster<0.8,>=0.7 in c:usersmeappdatalocalprogramspythonpython38libsite-packages (from sphinx) (0.7.12)
Requirement already satisfied, skipping upgrade: setuptools in c:usersmeappdatalocalprogramspythonpython38libsite-packages (from sphinx) (41.2.0)
Requirement already satisfied, skipping upgrade: colorama>=0.3.5; sys_platform == "win32" in c:usersmeappdatalocalprogramspythonpython38libsite-packages (from sphinx) (0.4.4)
Requirement already satisfied, skipping upgrade: sphinxcontrib-jsmath in c:usersmeappdatalocalprogramspythonpython38libsite-packages (from sphinx) (1.0.1)
Requirement already satisfied, skipping upgrade: babel>=1.3 in c:usersmeappdatalocalprogramspythonpython38libsite-packages (from sphinx) (2.9.0)
Requirement already satisfied, skipping upgrade: imagesize in c:usersmeappdatalocalprogramspythonpython38libsite-packages (from sphinx) (1.2.0)
Requirement already satisfied, skipping upgrade: sphinxcontrib-devhelp in c:usersmeappdatalocalprogramspythonpython38libsite-packages (from sphinx) (1.0.2)
Requirement already satisfied, skipping upgrade: sphinxcontrib-qthelp in c:usersmeappdatalocalprogramspythonpython38libsite-packages (from sphinx) (1.0.3)
Requirement already satisfied, skipping upgrade: Jinja2>=2.3 in c:usersmeappdatalocalprogramspythonpython38libsite-packages (from sphinx) (2.11.2)
Requirement already satisfied, skipping upgrade: sphinxcontrib-applehelp in c:usersmeappdatalocalprogramspythonpython38libsite-packages (from sphinx) (1.0.2)
Requirement already satisfied, skipping upgrade: requests>=2.5.0 in c:usersmeappdatalocalprogramspythonpython38libsite-packages (from sphinx) (2.25.0)
Requirement already satisfied, skipping upgrade: packaging in c:usersmeappdatalocalprogramspythonpython38libsite-packages (from sphinx) (20.4)
Requirement already satisfied, skipping upgrade: sphinxcontrib-htmlhelp in c:usersmeappdatalocalprogramspythonpython38libsite-packages (from sphinx) (1.0.3)
Requirement already satisfied, skipping upgrade: Pygments>=2.0 in c:usersmeappdatalocalprogramspythonpython38libsite-packages (from sphinx) (2.7.2)
Requirement already satisfied, skipping upgrade: pytz>=2015.7 in c:usersmeappdatalocalprogramspythonpython38libsite-packages (from babel>=1.3->sphinx) (2020.4)
Requirement already satisfied, skipping upgrade: MarkupSafe>=0.23 in c:usersmeappdatalocalprogramspythonpython38libsite-packages (from Jinja2>=2.3->sphinx) (1.1.1)
Requirement already satisfied, skipping upgrade: urllib3<1.27,>=1.21.1 in c:usersmeappdatalocalprogramspythonpython38libsite-packages (from requests>=2.5.0->sphinx) (1.26.2)
Requirement already satisfied, skipping upgrade: idna<3,>=2.5 in c:usersmeappdatalocalprogramspythonpython38libsite-packages (from requests>=2.5.0->sphinx) (2.10)
Requirement already satisfied, skipping upgrade: certifi>=2017.4.17 in c:usersmeappdatalocalprogramspythonpython38libsite-packages (from requests>=2.5.0->sphinx) (2020.11.8)
Requirement already satisfied, skipping upgrade: chardet<4,>=3.0.2 in c:usersmeappdatalocalprogramspythonpython38libsite-packages (from requests>=2.5.0->sphinx) (3.0.4)
Requirement already satisfied, skipping upgrade: six in c:usersmeappdatalocalprogramspythonpython38libsite-packages (from packaging->sphinx) (1.15.0)
Requirement already satisfied, skipping upgrade: pyparsing>=2.0.2 in c:usersmeappdatalocalprogramspythonpython38libsite-packages (from packaging->sphinx) (2.4.7)
Installing collected packages: sphinx
Successfully installed sphinx-3.3.1
但是文件夹c:usersmeappdatalocalprogramspythonpython38libsite-packagessphinx仍然不在那里。
我甚至尝试使用sphinx-quickstart:从头开始运行一个新的Sphinx项目
For a list of supported codes, see
https://www.sphinx-doc.org/en/master/usage/configuration.html#confval-language.
> Project language [en]: en
Creating file C:UsersmeDropboxKuchentestsourceconf.py.
Creating file C:UsersmeDropboxKuchentestsourceindex.rst.
Creating file C:UsersmeDropboxKuchentestMakefile.
Creating file C:UsersmeDropboxKuchentestmake.bat.
Finished: An initial directory structure has been created.
You should now populate your master file C:UsersmeDropboxKuchentestsourceindex.rst and create other documentation
source files. Use the Makefile to build the docs, like so:
make builder
where "builder" is one of the supported builders, e.g. html, latex or linkcheck.
但是，尽管有这样的输出，却没有创建这样的文件或source文件夹。
我能做些什么来干净地重置我的Sphinx安装并让我的文档再次运行？
解决这个问题需要一个有点尴尬的解释，它同时取决于：操作系统(Windows)、您的特定安装以及您如何执行Sphinx。
在Windows上，你可以在不同的地方安装几个Python(取决于…)：
一个常见的位置是C:Program FilesPython3x。
预先配置的默认路径为C:UsersmeAppDataLocalProgramsPythonPython3.x。我觉得这很不方便，因为它离根部很远。
当前流行的扩展Python安装的方法是使用虚拟环境(venv)。
- 您的
venv，无论您决定将其放置在何处。(使用venv被认为是"事实上的">最佳实践。)
在某个时间点，您将PYTHONPATH设置为Windows上的环境变量，Windows将在这些路径中查找Python安装。请注意"模块搜索路径"的规则。现在的问题是，如果您在Path上设置了多个Python安装，Windows也会在其他安装中查找库。。。
(关于在Windows上安装Python的一般说明是必要的。2019年的某个时候，微软将Python包含在Windows中-正如一位著名的SO用户在本回复中所指出的，并在文档中提到的那样。大约在那个时候，Windows出现了一个错误，要求使用管理员帐户设置环境变量-我找不到参考资料，但SO上的某个地方提到了它。这意味着建议您单独安装Python并将环境变量设置为admin。)
话虽如此，您描述的问题有几个方面(请特别注意您使用的终端)：
sphinx-build中的第一条警告表明Sphinx正试图从用户帐户安装中读取文件(以上第2点)。问题是执行sphinx-build的终端没有从用户帐户安装目录中读取的权限，因为该终端是在不同的用户帐户下运行的，或者因为帐户安装路径没有设置读取权限。。。话虽如此，请重新考虑警告：
正在复制静态文件。。。警告：无法复制html_static_file:c:\users\me\appdata\local\programs\python38\lib\site packages\sphinx\themes\basic\static/jquery-3.5.1.js:PermissionError(13，"拒绝权限")中的文件
警告：无法复制html_static_file:c:\users\me\appdata\local\programs\python38\lib\site packages\sphinx\themes\basic\static/jquery.js:PermissionError(13，"拒绝权限")中的文件
也可能是您从帐户安装中删除了Sphinx，而文件/路径根本不存在。
接下来，当您尝试使用pip重新安装Sphinx时，还不完全清楚这是一个过时的缓存问题，还是pip在您的PYTHONPATH上的另一个安装中找到了Sphinx。。。可能是安装了Sphinx，而终端根本没有读/写权限(取决于调用终端的用户帐户)，或者目录可能隐藏在文件资源管理器中。。。
我能做些什么来干净地重置我的Sphinx安装并让我的文档再次运行？
您的Python基础安装(上面的第1点和第2点)应该只针对系统或用户范围的更改(而不是针对特定的项目更改)进行编写。
强烈建议您使用venv。(如果你以前没有，现在是考虑这样做的合适时机，因为这是最简单、最干净的解决方案)。这一点最初看起来可能令人困惑，因为历史上有几个Python的虚拟环境。目前，venv是最常被引用的解决方案，使用它很简单，您的IDE应该有一个内置的UI，只需点击几下即可帮助您创建它。
venv是一个扩展基本安装的Python环境，当您必须进行特定于项目的更改时，它避免了更改基本安装的需要(比如安装了Sphinx，理想情况下应该在venv上，而不是在基本安装上。)
最后，当您从终端运行Sphinx时，建议在终端上激活venv，否则执行的Python安装可能取决于调用终端的用户帐户。