在python中获取字典的一部分

Question

我有一个字典列表

teachers = [
{
"id": 0,
"goals": ["travel", "relocate", "study"],
},
{
"id": 1,
"goals": ["travel","study"],
},
{
"id": 2,
"goals": ["travel", "work", "study"],
},
{
"id": 3,
"goals": ["work", "relocate", "study"],
}
]

我需要得到字典的一部分，在"工作";在"目标"列表中;:

teachers = [
{
"id": 2,
"goals": ["travel", "work", "study"],
},
{
"id": 3,
"goals": ["work", "relocate", "study"],
}
]

我该如何解决我的问题?

Answer 1

最简洁的解决方案是使用列表推导式

teachers = [t for t in teachers if "work" in t["goals"]]

python中的列表推导，如何?

Answer 2

使用内置函数filter

返回一个迭代器，这将最小化列表推导的开销。如果您只需要一个普通列表作为结果，只需用list()

包装它

>>> list(filter(lambda o:"work" in o["goals"], teachers))
[{'id': 2, 'goals': ['travel', 'work', 'study']}, {'id': 3, 'goals': ['work', 'relocate', 'study']}]

裁判:https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html过滤器

Answer 3

通过在列表中指向字典的索引来获取字典。

print(teachers[3])
>>>{'id': 3, 'goals': ['work', 'relocate', 'study']}