如何在Python中实例化类到函数时传递参数?

Question

我试图描绘和记录每个类只有什么是必要的，希望你能帮助我，请，我正试图实例化类Show_image需要两个参数，两个索引的图像列表，如果你能指导我，如果我想做的是可能的，我会很感激。谢谢。

这个类调整图像的大小

from tkinter importante *
from PIL import Image, ImageTk
class Array(Frame):
def __init__(self, master, path, *args):
Frame.__init__(self, master, *args)       self.image = Image.open(path)
self.img_copy = self.image.copy()
self.background_image = ImageTk.PhotoImage(self.image)
self.background = Label(self, image=self.background_image)
self.background.pack(fill='both', expand=True)
self.background.bind('<Configure>', self._resize_image)
def _resize_image(self, event):
self.image = self.img_copy .resize ((self.master .winfo_width(), self.master .winfo_height()))
self.background_image = ImageTk.PhotoImage(self.image)
self.background.configure(image=self.background_image)

基类控制

class Interface(Frame):
def __init__(self, master, *args):
Frame.__init__(self, master, *args)
self.path_lst = ['11.png','22.png','33.png','44.png']  # change/add paths 
self._frame_1 = None
self._open_1 = False
self.button1 = Button(self, text='pack 1',
command= lambda:self.windows(Show_image))
self.button1 .pack()

def windows(self, var_1):
if not self._open_1:
self.top1 = Toplevel(self.master)
self.top1 .geometry('200x200')

container = var_1(self.top1)
if self._frame_1 is not None:  
self._frame_1 .destroy()
self._frame_1 = container
self._frame_1 .pack()
self._open_1 = True
self.top1.protocol ('WM_DELETE_WINDOW', lambda: self.closed(1))

def closed(self, number):
if number == 1:
self.top1. destroy()
self._open_1 = False

这个类应该画两个实例，两个图像，但是我不知道如何传递<index_1>和<index_2>参数<lambda>函数。

class Show_image(Frame):
def __init__(self, index_1, index_2, *args, **kwargs):
Frame.__init__(self, *args, **kwargs)
self.img = Array(self, self.master.path_lst[index_1])
self.img .grid(column=0, row=0)
self.img2 = Array(self, self.master.path_lst[index_2])
self.img2 .grid(column=0, row=1)
root = Tk()
frm = Interface(root)
frm .pack()
root.mainloop()

还有，如果你能告诉我初始化图像路径正确。谢谢。

Answer 1

如果我理解的话，你将不得不使用嵌套的lambdas

command=lambda:self.windows(lambda:Show_image(index1, index2))

但是我看到windows运行带有参数top的函数，所以它也需要在lambda

command=lambda:self.windows( lambda top:Show_image(index1, index2, top))

---

编辑:

包含其他更改的完整工作代码。

我发送master作为第一个值，path_lst作为最后一个值，我不需要使用self.master.pack_lst

我改变了一些pack(),grid()，我添加了grid_rowconfigure()，所以当窗口改变大小时，它会正确地调整图像的大小。

我使用os.listdir()创建path_lst。它使用sys.argv从命令行获得folder(python script.py path_to_images)或使用os.getcwd()获得Current Working Directory作为folder

我将名称改为ShowImage，建议PEP8-CamelCaseNames类。

我不确定它是否建议将noun用于类(如名词ImageViewer而不是动词ShowImage)和verb用于函数(如动词show_window而不是名词windows)，但我跳过它。也许这是Robert C. Martin(也被称为Uncle Bob)在《Clean Code》一书中的建议

PEP 8——Python代码风格指南

import os   # os.path.join(), os.listdir()
import sys  # sys.argv
#from tkinter import *  # PEP8: `import *` is not preferred
import tkinter as tk 
from PIL import Image, ImageTk
# --- constants ---  # PEP8: `UPPER_CASE_NAMES
#FOLDER = '/home/furas/test'
# --- classes ---  # PEP8: `CamelCaseNames` 
class Array(tk.Frame):
def __init__(self, master, path, *args):
super().__init__(master, *args)   # in Python 3 you can use `super()` without `self`

self.image = Image.open(path)
self.img_copy = self.image.copy()
self.background_image = ImageTk.PhotoImage(self.image)
self.background = tk.Label(self, image=self.background_image)
self.background.pack(fill='both', expand=True)
self.background.bind('<Configure>', self._resize_image)
def _resize_image(self, event):
self.image = self.img_copy.resize((self.master.winfo_width(), self.master.winfo_height()//2))
self.background_image = ImageTk.PhotoImage(self.image)
self.background.configure(image=self.background_image)

class Interface(tk.Frame):
def __init__(self, master, folder, *args):
super().__init__(master, *args)

self.folder = folder

#self.path_lst = ['11.png','22.png','33.png','44.png']  # change/add paths
self.path_lst = [os.path.join(self.folder, name) for name in os.listdir(self.folder) if name.lower().endswith(('.png', '.jpg', '.gif'))]  # change/add paths

self._frame_1 = None
self._open_1 = False

index_1 = 0
index_2 = 1

self.button1 = tk.Button(self, text='pack 1',
command=lambda:self.windows(lambda top:ShowImage(top, index_1, index_2, self.path_lst)))
self.button1.pack()

def windows(self, var_1):
if not self._open_1:
self.top1 = tk.Toplevel(self.master)
self.top1.geometry('200x200')

container = var_1(self.top1)
if self._frame_1 is not None:  
self._frame_1.destroy()

self._frame_1 = container
self._frame_1.pack(fill='both', expand=True)
self._open_1 = True
self.top1.protocol('WM_DELETE_WINDOW', lambda: self.closed(1))

def closed(self, number):
if number == 1:
self.top1.destroy()
self._open_1 = False

class ShowImage(tk.Frame):
def __init__(self, master, index_1, index_2, path_lst, *args, **kwargs):
super().__init__(master, *args, **kwargs)

if len(path_lst) > index_1:
self.img = Array(self, path_lst[index_1])
self.img.grid(column=0, row=0, sticky='news')

if len(path_lst) > index_2:
self.img2 = Array(self, path_lst[index_2])
self.img2.grid(column=0, row=1, sticky='news')
# column 0 will use full width
self.grid_columnconfigure(0, weight=1)
# row 0 will use 1/2 height AND row 1 will use 1/2 height
self.grid_rowconfigure(0, weight=1)     
self.grid_rowconfigure(1, weight=1)
# --- functions ---  # PEP8: `lower_case_names`
# empty
# --- main ---
if len(sys.argv) > 1:
folder = sys.argv[1]
else:
folder = os.getcwd()
#folder = FOLDER
root = tk.Tk()
frm = Interface(root, folder)
frm.pack()
root.mainloop()

顺便说一句:

因为窗口必须显示两个图像，所以我在Array中将高度除以2 (self.master.winfo_height()//2)以适合窗口中的两行/图像。