在django中指定一个自定义用户模型并调用一个对象

Question

好吧，所以我有点困在这里了。我决定创建自己的用户模型，结果却让我头疼不已。更不用说这是我第一个从头开始的django项目。。。

所以我正在创建一个约会应用程序。我有一个示例项目，我想使用一些代码，并将其移植到我的项目中。我真的不知道如何适应我的自定义模型所需要的一些更改。这是我得到的错误：

NameError at /mingle/
name 'models' is not defined
Request Method: GET
Request URL:    http://localhost:8000/mingle/
Django Version: 2.2.3
Exception Type: NameError
Exception Value:    
name 'models' is not defined
Exception Location: /Users/papichulo/Documents/DatingApp/dating_app/views.py in mingle, line 113
Python Executable:  /Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.7/bin/python3
Python Version: 3.7.3
Python Path:    
['/Users/papichulo/Documents/DatingApp',
'/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.7/lib/python37.zip',
'/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.7/lib/python3.7',
'/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.7/lib/python3.7/lib-dynload',
'/Users/papichulo/Library/Python/3.7/lib/python/site-packages',
'/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.7/lib/python3.7/site-packages']
Server time:    Fri, 3 Apr 2020 00:15:57 +0000

样本代码

try:
user = (User.objects.exclude(id=request.user.id).exclude(uservote__voter=request.user).order_by('?')[0])
except IndexError:
user = None
print(User.username)
try:
bio = models.UserProfile.objects.get(user=request.user).bio
except models.UserProfile.DoesNotExist:
create = UserProfile.objects.get_or_create(user = request.user)
return redirect('profile')
friend = models.UserProfile.objects.get(user=request.user).friends.all()
context = dict(user = user, friend = friend)
return render(request, 'index.html', context)

我的观点.py

def mingle(request):
try:
user = (Profile.objects.exclude(id=request.user.id).exclude(uservote__voter=request.user).order_by('?')[0])
except IndexError:
user = None
print(User.username)
try:
description = models.Profile.objects.get(user=request.user).description
except models.Profile.DoesNotExist:
create = Profile.objects.get_or_create(user = request.user)
return redirect('profile')
match = models.Profile.objects.get(user=request.user).matches.all()
context = dict(user = user, match = match)  
return render(request, 'dating_app/mingle.html', context)

我的型号.py

from django.db import models
from django.contrib.auth.models import AbstractBaseUser,BaseUserManager, User
from dating_project import settings

class ProfileManager(BaseUserManager):

def create_user(self, username, email,description,photo, password=None):
if not email:
raise ValueError("You must creat an email")
if not username:
raise ValueError("You must create a username!")
if not description:
raise ValueError("You must write a description")
if not photo:
raise ValueError("You must upload a photo")
user = self.model(
email=self.normalize_email(email),
username = username, 
description= description,
photo= photo,
)
user.set_password(password)
user.save(using=self._db)
return user 

def create_superuser(self, username, email,description,photo, password):
user = self.create_user(
email=self.normalize_email(email),
password=password,
username=username,
description=description,
photo=photo,
)
user.is_admin=True
user.is_staff=True
user.is_superuser=True
user.save(using=self._db)
return user


class Profile(AbstractBaseUser):
email                       = models.EmailField(verbose_name="email")
username                    = models.CharField(max_length=30, unique=True)
date_joined                 = models.DateTimeField(verbose_name='date joined', auto_now_add=True)
last_login                  = models.DateTimeField(verbose_name='last login', auto_now=True)
is_admin                    = models.BooleanField(default=False)
is_active                   = models.BooleanField(default=True)
is_staff                    = models.BooleanField(default=False)
is_superuser                = models.BooleanField(default=False)
#what I added
description                 = models.TextField()
photo                       = models.ImageField(upload_to='profile_photo',blank=False, height_field=None, width_field=None, max_length=100)
matches                     = models.ManyToManyField(settings.AUTH_USER_MODEL, related_name='+', blank=True)

USERNAME_FIELD = 'username'
REQUIRED_FIELDS = ['description','photo','email']

objects = ProfileManager()

def __str__(self):
return self.username

def has_perm(self, perm, obj=None):
return self.is_admin

def has_module_perms(self,app_label):
return True

class UserVote(models.Model):
user = models.ForeignKey(settings.AUTH_USER_MODEL, on_delete=models.CASCADE)
voter = models.ForeignKey(settings.AUTH_USER_MODEL, related_name='given_vote', on_delete=models.CASCADE)
vote = models.BooleanField(default=False)
class Meta:
unique_together = (('user', 'voter'))

Answer 1

我不完全理解您想要调整或直接将代码的哪一部分放入项目中，但在我看来，更改用户模型并不是最佳实践。请用"PROFILE"的未来来改进和扩展它。你可以在Vitor的论坛上找到一个非常有用的解释。

链接：https://simpleisbetterthancomplex.com/tutorial/2016/07/22/how-to-extend-django-user-model.html

此外，您无法在Models.py中导入Django模型，我认为您的文件位置是错误的。它一定是这样的；

├── example_project
│   ├── __init__.py
│   ├── settings.py
│   ├── urls.py
│   └── wsgi.py
|   └── pages
|      ├── __init__.py
│      ├── admin.py
│      ├── apps.py
│      ├── models.py
│      ├── tests.py
│      └── views.py
|      ├── templates
|          ├── pages
|              ├── home.html
└── manage.py

您也可以查看此链接以了解详细信息：https://learndjango.com/tutorials/template-structure