如何在matplotlib中绘制平面三维矩形

Question

如何在3D中绘制矩形？下面的代码可以工作，但它画了一个三角形

from mpl_toolkits.mplot3d import Axes3D
from mpl_toolkits.mplot3d.art3d import Poly3DCollection
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
fig = plt.figure()
ax = Axes3D(fig)
x = [0,1,1,0]
y = [0,0,1,1]
z = [0,1,0,1]
verts = [list(zip(x,y,z))]
ax.add_collection3d(Poly3DCollection(verts))
plt.show()

我试着增加一个第四个角，但我得到了一个错误

from mpl_toolkits.mplot3d import Axes3D
from mpl_toolkits.mplot3d.art3d import Poly3DCollection
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
fig = plt.figure()
ax = Axes3D(fig)
x = [0,1,1,0]
y = [0,0,1,1]
z = [0,1,0,1]
a = [0,1,0,1]
verts = [list(zip(x,y,z,a))]
ax.add_collection3d(Poly3DCollection(verts))
plt.show()

有没有一个函数可以接受4个三维坐标，然后绘制一个平面矩形？例如

ax.draw_rectangle3d(tl=[0,0,0],tr=[0,0,1],bl=[0,1,0],br=[0,1,1])

此函数在Matplotlib中向三维集合添加矩形补丁和文本补丁会绘制一个平面矩形，但它不允许我设置自己的x、y、z坐标，并且矩形会投影到轴上。

Answer 1

Z轴应该是[0,0,0]，因为每列都是一个点，矩形位于Z轴上的0上。

from mpl_toolkits.mplot3d import Axes3D
from mpl_toolkits.mplot3d.art3d import Poly3DCollection
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
fig = plt.figure()
ax = Axes3D(fig)
x = [0,1,1,0]
y = [0,0,1,1]
z = [0,0,0,0]
verts = [list(zip(x,y,z))]
ax.add_collection3d(Poly3DCollection(verts))
plt.show()

可以使用此功能打印多个曲面。

from mpl_toolkits.mplot3d import Axes3D
from mpl_toolkits.mplot3d.art3d import Poly3DCollection
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

fig = plt.figure()
ax = Axes3D(fig)
x = [0,1,1,0],[0,1,1,0]
y = [0,0,1,1],[0,0,1,1]
z = [0,0,0,0],[1,1,1,1]
surfaces = []
for i in range(len(x)):
surfaces.append( [list(zip(x[i],y[i],z[i]))] )
for surface in surfaces:
ax.add_collection3d(Poly3DCollection(surface))
plt.show()

Answer 2

import numpy as np
from mpl_toolkits.mplot3d.art3d import Poly3DCollection, Line3DCollection
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
points = np.array([[-1, -1, -1],
[1, -1, -1 ],
[1, 1, -1],
[-1, 1, -1],
[-1, -1, 1],
[1, -1, 1 ],
[1, 1, 1],
[-1, 1, 1]])
Z = points
Z = 10.0*Z
fig = plt.figure()
ax = fig.add_subplot(111, projection='3d')
r = [-1,1]
X, Y = np.meshgrid(r, r)
ax.scatter3D(Z[:, 0], Z[:, 1], Z[:, 2])
verts = [[Z[0],Z[1],Z[2],Z[3]],
[Z[4],Z[5],Z[6],Z[7]],
[Z[0],Z[1],Z[5],Z[4]],
[Z[2],Z[3],Z[7],Z[6]],
[Z[1],Z[2],Z[6],Z[5]],
[Z[4],Z[7],Z[3],Z[0]]]
ax.add_collection3d(Poly3DCollection(verts, facecolors='cyan', linewidths=1, edgecolors='r', alpha=.20))
plt.show()