如果我有一个启动器脚本，我如何确定JVM是否支持模块(例如9+(来决定是使用-classpath还是--module脚本启动？
方法
有几种方法可以找到这些信息。可以解析确切的Java版本，或者查找仅在模块化JVM或非模块化JVM中发现的差异。
运行java版本
显然，使用-version运行java命令并解析输出是可能的：
% java -version
openjdk version "11.0.10" 2021-01-19 LTS
OpenJDK Runtime Environment Zulu11.45+27-CA (build 11.0.10+9-LTS)
OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM Zulu11.45+27-CA (build 11.0.10+9-LTS, mixed mode)
然而，这涉及启动一个进程，运行许多设置/初始化选项，以及验证/验证其他标志。这意味着，虽然速度很快，但不会几乎是瞬间的：
% time java -version
0.08s user 0.02s system 101% cpu 0.100 total
运行java-Xinternalversion
有一个内部选项并不广为人知，但在-java -X标志中有记载，它不实例化Java类，只是返回二进制文件的状态：
-Xinternalversion
displays more detailed JVM version information than the
-version option
这比上面的稍微快一点：
% time java -Xinternalversion
OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM (11.0.10+9-LTS) for bsd-amd64 JRE (Zulu11.45+27-CA) (11.0.10+9-LTS),
built on Dec 30 2020 12:39:54 by "zulu_re" with gcc 4.2.1 Compatible Apple LLVM 9.1.0 (clang-902.0.39.2)
0.01s user 0.01s system 88% cpu 0.029 total
这也适用于OpenJ9图像：
% java -Xinternalversion
Eclipse OpenJ9 OpenJDK 64-bit Server VM (11.0.10+9) from linux-amd64 JRE
with Extensions for OpenJDK for Eclipse OpenJ9 11.0.10.0,
built on Jan 20 2021 08:58:22 by with g++-7.5 (GCC) 7.5.0
正在读取JAVA_HOME/发布文件
如果启动一个进程被认为过于昂贵，那么可以使用读取或检测文件。OpenJDK派生的JVM有一个release文件，其中包含有关Java版本的信息：
% grep VERSION $JAVA_HOME/release
IMPLEMENTOR_VERSION="Zulu11.45+27-CA"
JAVA_VERSION="11.0.10"
JAVA_VERSION_DATE="2021-01-19"
% grep VERSION $JAVA_8_HOME/release
JAVA_VERSION="1.8.0_282"
OS_VERSION="11.2"
正在读取JAVA_HOME/lib/modules文件
存在于模块化JVM中的附加文件(作为JEP 220重构的一部分(可用于检测JVM是否支持模块。模块化JVM将有一个具有神奇值0xcafedada的$JAVA_HOME/lib/modules文件，file命令将其理解为一个模块文件：
% file $JAVA_HOME/lib/modules
/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/zulu-11.jdk/Contents/Home/lib/modules: Java module image (little endian), version 1.0
release文件和lib/modules存在于OpenJDK和jlink生成的图像中。release文件存在于Java 8及以上版本，但lib/modules仅存在于Java 9及以上版本。
Docker的OpenJDK镜像的某些版本没有release文件。其他人将Java版本安装到不同的位置，这意味着可能找不到JAVA_HOME(或等效版本(。如果需要100%保证在启动应用程序和查找版本的路径中使用相同版本的java，则java -Xinternalversion可以保证工作并给出确切答案。
正在查找rt.jar类.zip
测试预模块JVM存在的另一种方法是查看rt.jar(或者对于真正旧的JVM，classes.zip(是否存在于JAVA_HOME/jre/lib中。Java 9及以上版本中缺少这些文件。
摘要
如果您已经有JAVA_HOME，那么最快的方法是确定JAVA_HOME/lib/modules文件的存在。为了确保正确性，您可以验证幻数0xcafedada(小端序或大端序(。但是，这个文件在Java 8或更低版本上不存在，但在Java 9或更高版本上存在，包括jlink生成的图像。
数据
从各个平台收集的数据：
openjdk docker镜像
(又名"神秘肉"图片(来自https://hub.docker.com/_/openjdk/
for i in {7..15}
do
echo
echo openjdk:$i
docker run --rm -it openjdk:$i sh -c '
ls -l $(dirname $(readlink -f $(command -v java)))/../lib/modules
grep JAVA_VERSION= $(dirname $(readlink -f $(command -v java)))/../release
java -Xinternalversion'
done
openjdk:7
ls: cannot access /usr/lib/jvm/java-7-openjdk-amd64/jre/bin/../lib/modules: No such file or directory
grep: /usr/lib/jvm/java-7-openjdk-amd64/jre/bin/../release: No such file or directory
OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM (24.221-b02) for linux-amd64 JRE (1.7.0_221-b02), built on May 9 2019 19:23:05 by "pbuilder" with gcc 4.9.2
openjdk:8
ls: cannot access '/usr/local/openjdk-8/bin/../lib/modules': No such file or directory
JAVA_VERSION="1.8.0_282"
OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM (25.282-b08) for linux-amd64 JRE (1.8.0_282-b08), built on Jan 11 2021 02:10:15 by "openjdk" with gcc 4.4.7 20120313 (Red Hat 4.4.7-23)
openjdk:9
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 157113207 Apr 2 2018 /usr/lib/jvm/java-9-openjdk-amd64/bin/../lib/modules
grep: /usr/lib/jvm/java-9-openjdk-amd64/bin/../release: No such file or directory
OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM (9.0.4+12-Debian-4) for linux-amd64 JRE (9.0.4+12-Debian-4), built on Apr 2 2018 07:28:15 by "buildd" with gcc 7.3.0
openjdk:10
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 156084936 Oct 21 2018 /usr/lib/jvm/java-10-openjdk-amd64/bin/../lib/modules
grep: /usr/lib/jvm/java-10-openjdk-amd64/bin/../release: No such file or directory
OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM (10.0.2+13-Debian-2) for linux-amd64 JRE (10.0.2+13-Debian-2), built on Oct 21 2018 10:11:46 by "buildd" with gcc 8.2.0
openjdk:11
-rw-rw-r-- 1 root root 142005674 Jan 12 10:31 /usr/local/openjdk-11/bin/../lib/modules
JAVA_VERSION="11.0.10"
OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM (11.0.10+9) for linux-amd64 JRE (11.0.10+9), built on Jan 12 2021 05:23:33 by "openjdk" with gcc 4.4.7 20120313 (Red Hat 4.4.7-23)
openjdk:12
-rw-r--r-- 1 668 668 138934817 Jul 16 2019 /usr/java/openjdk-12/bin/../lib/modules
JAVA_VERSION="12.0.2"
OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM (12.0.2+10) for linux-amd64 JRE (12.0.2+10), built on Jul 16 2019 00:57:08 by "mach5one" with gcc 7.3.0
openjdk:13
-rw-r--r-- 1 10668 10668 140052206 Dec 11 2019 /usr/java/openjdk-13/bin/../lib/modules
JAVA_VERSION="13.0.2"
OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM (13.0.2+8) for linux-amd64 JRE (13.0.2+8), built on Dec 11 2019 09:23:26 by "mach5one" with gcc 8.2.0
openjdk:14
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 143828463 Jul 8 2020 /usr/java/openjdk-14/bin/../lib/modules
JAVA_VERSION="14.0.2"
OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM (14.0.2+12-46) for linux-amd64 JRE (14.0.2+12-46), built on Jul 8 2020 23:30:21 by "mach5one" with gcc 8.3.0
openjdk:15
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 137265245 Dec 7 20:09 /usr/java/openjdk-15/bin/../lib/modules
JAVA_VERSION="15.0.2"
OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM (15.0.2+7-27) for linux-amd64 JRE (15.0.2+7-27), built on Dec 7 2020 19:54:59 by "mach5one" with gcc 9.2.0
采用OpenJDK热点图像
发件人https://hub.docker.com/_/adoptopenjdk
for i in 8 {11..15}
do
echo
echo adoptopenjdk:$i-hotspot
docker run --rm -it adoptopenjdk:$i-hotspot sh -c '
ls -l $(dirname $(readlink -f $(command -v java)))/../lib/modules
grep JAVA_VERSION= $(dirname $(readlink -f $(command -v java)))/../release
java -Xinternalversion'
done
adoptopenjdk:8-hotspot
ls: cannot access '/opt/java/openjdk/bin/../lib/modules': No such file or directory
JAVA_VERSION="1.8.0_282"
OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM (25.282-b08) for linux-amd64 JRE (1.8.0_282-b08), built on Jan 20 2021 11:56:52 by "jenkins" with gcc 7.5.0
adoptopenjdk:11-hotspot
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 142006963 Jan 20 12:17 /opt/java/openjdk/bin/../lib/modules
JAVA_VERSION="11.0.10"
OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM (11.0.10+9) for linux-amd64 JRE (11.0.10+9), built on Jan 20 2021 12:11:51 by "" with gcc 7.5.0
adoptopenjdk:12-hotspot
-rw-r--r-- 1 500 500 141885840 Jul 18 2019 /opt/java/openjdk/bin/../lib/modules
JAVA_VERSION="12.0.2"
OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM (12.0.2+10) for linux-amd64 JRE (12.0.2+10), built on Jul 18 2019 14:41:47 by "jenkins" with gcc 7.3.1 20180303 (Red Hat 7.3.1-5)
adoptopenjdk:13-hotspot
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 143013610 Jan 17 2020 /opt/java/openjdk/bin/../lib/modules
JAVA_VERSION="13.0.2"
OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM (13.0.2+8) for linux-amd64 JRE (13.0.2+8), built on Jan 17 2020 15:30:29 by "jenkins" with gcc 7.3.1 20180303 (Red Hat 7.3.1-5)
adoptopenjdk:14-hotspot
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 155307303 Jul 15 2020 /opt/java/openjdk/bin/../lib/modules
JAVA_VERSION="14.0.2"
OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM (14.0.2+12) for linux-amd64 JRE (14.0.2+12), built on Jul 15 2020 09:06:52 by "" with gcc 7.5.0
adoptopenjdk:15-hotspot
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 147653756 Jan 21 12:09 /opt/java/openjdk/bin/../lib/modules
JAVA_VERSION="15.0.2"
OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM (15.0.2+7) for linux-amd64 JRE (15.0.2+7), built on Jan 21 2021 11:55:36 by "" with gcc 7.5.0
采用OpenJDK OpenJ9映像
发件人https://hub.docker.com/_/adoptopenjdk使用-openj9口味
for i in 8 {11..15}
do
echo
echo adoptopenjdk:$i-openj9
docker run --rm -it adoptopenjdk:$i-openj9 sh -c '
ls -l $(dirname $(readlink -f $(command -v java)))/../lib/modules
grep JAVA_VERSION= $(dirname $(readlink -f $(command -v java)))/../release
java -Xinternalversion'
done
adoptopenjdk:8-openj9
ls: cannot access '/opt/java/openjdk/bin/../lib/modules': No such file or directory
JAVA_VERSION="1.8.0_282"
Eclipse OpenJ9 OpenJDK 64-bit Server VM (1.8.0_282-b08) from linux-amd64 JRE with Extensions for OpenJDK for Eclipse OpenJ9 8.0.282.0, built on Jan 20 2021 08:35:35 by with g++-7.5 (GCC) 7.5.0
adoptopenjdk:11-openj9
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 124147727 Jan 20 09:22 /opt/java/openjdk/bin/../lib/modules
JAVA_VERSION="11.0.10"
Eclipse OpenJ9 OpenJDK 64-bit Server VM (11.0.10+9) from linux-amd64 JRE with Extensions for OpenJDK for Eclipse OpenJ9 11.0.10.0, built on Jan 20 2021 08:58:22 by with g++-7.5 (GCC) 7.5.0
adoptopenjdk:12-openj9
-rw-r--r-- 1 500 500 125220100 Jul 19 2019 /opt/java/openjdk/bin/../lib/modules
JAVA_VERSION="12.0.2"
Eclipse OpenJ9 OpenJDK 64-bit Server VM (12.0.2+10) from linux-amd64 JRE with Extensions for OpenJDK for Eclipse OpenJ9 12.0.2.0, built on Jul 19 2019 19:53:58 by jenkins with g++ (GCC) 7.3.1 20180303 (Red Hat 7.3.1-5)
adoptopenjdk:13-openj9
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 124722695 Jan 17 2020 /opt/java/openjdk/bin/../lib/modules
JAVA_VERSION="13.0.2"
Eclipse OpenJ9 OpenJDK 64-bit Server VM (13.0.2+8) from linux-amd64 JRE with Extensions for OpenJDK for Eclipse OpenJ9 13.0.2.0, built on Jan 17 2020 10:38:21 by jenkins with g++ (GCC) 7.3.1 20180303 (Red Hat 7.3.1-5)
adoptopenjdk:14-openj9
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 128237302 Jul 15 2020 /opt/java/openjdk/bin/../lib/modules
JAVA_VERSION="14.0.2"
Eclipse OpenJ9 OpenJDK 64-bit Server VM (14.0.2+12) from linux-amd64 JRE with Extensions for OpenJDK for Eclipse OpenJ9 14.0.2.0, built on Jul 15 2020 14:33:14 by with g++-7.5 (GCC) 7.5.0
adoptopenjdk:15-openj9
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 122382952 Jan 21 08:41 /opt/java/openjdk/bin/../lib/modules
JAVA_VERSION="15.0.2"
Eclipse OpenJ9 OpenJDK 64-bit Server VM (15.0.2+7) from linux-amd64 JRE with Extensions for OpenJDK for Eclipse OpenJ9 15.0.2.0, built on Jan 21 2021 08:12:28 by with g++-7.5 (GCC) 7.5.0
Azul Zulu图像
发件人https://hub.docker.com/r/azul/zulu-openjdk
for i in 7 8 {11..15}
do
echo
echo azul/zulu-openjdk:$i
docker run --rm -it azul/zulu-openjdk:$i sh -c '
ls -l $(dirname $(readlink -f $(command -v java)))/../lib/modules
grep JAVA_VERSION= $(dirname $(readlink -f $(command -v java)))/../release
java -Xinternalversion'
done
azul/zulu-openjdk:7
ls: cannot access '/usr/lib/jvm/zulu7-ca-amd64/jre/bin/../lib/modules': No such file or directory
grep: /usr/lib/jvm/zulu7-ca-amd64/jre/bin/../release: No such file or directory
OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM (24.292-b07) for linux-amd64 JRE (Zulu 7.44.0.11-CA-linux64) (1.7.0_292-b07), built on Dec 25 2020 02:30:15 by "zulu_re" with gcc 4.4.7 20120313 (Red Hat 4.4.7-3)
azul/zulu-openjdk:8
ls: cannot access '/usr/lib/jvm/zulu8-ca-amd64/jre/bin/../lib/modules': No such file or directory
grep: /usr/lib/jvm/zulu8-ca-amd64/jre/bin/../release: No such file or directory
OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM (25.282-b08) for linux-amd64 JRE (Zulu 8.52.0.23-CA-linux64) (1.8.0_282-b08), built on Jan 12 2021 07:57:43 by "zulu_re" with gcc 4.4.7 20120313 (Red Hat 4.4.7-3)
azul/zulu-openjdk:11
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 144713046 Jan 13 21:49 /usr/lib/jvm/zulu11-ca-amd64/bin/../lib/modules
JAVA_VERSION="11.0.10"
OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM (11.0.10+9-LTS) for linux-amd64 JRE (Zulu11.45+27-CA) (11.0.10+9-LTS), built on Dec 30 2020 23:45:15 by "zulu_re" with gcc 4.9.2 20150212 (Red Hat 4.9.2-6)
azul/zulu-openjdk:12
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 141878585 Jul 11 2019 /usr/lib/jvm/zulu-12-amd64/bin/../lib/modules
JAVA_VERSION="12.0.2"
OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM (12.0.2+3) for linux-amd64 JRE (Zulu12.3+11-CA) (12.0.2+3), built on Jul 11 2019 18:01:29 by "zulu_re" with gcc 7.3.1 20180303 (Red Hat 7.3.1-5)
azul/zulu-openjdk:13
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 143053558 Jan 13 21:37 /usr/lib/jvm/zulu13-ca-amd64/bin/../lib/modules
JAVA_VERSION="13.0.6"
OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM (13.0.6+5-MTS) for linux-amd64 JRE (13.0.6+5-MTS) (Zulu13.37+21-CA), built on Dec 26 2020 00:17:26 by "zulu_re" with gcc 7.3.1 20180303 (Red Hat 7.3.1-5)
azul/zulu-openjdk:14
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 146757927 Jul 10 2020 /usr/lib/jvm/zulu-14-amd64/bin/../lib/modules
JAVA_VERSION="14.0.2"
OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM (14.0.2+12) for linux-amd64 JRE (14.0.2+12) (Zulu14.29+23-CA), built on Jul 10 2020 22:15:57 by "zulu_re" with gcc 7.3.1 20180303 (Red Hat 7.3.1-5)
azul/zulu-openjdk:15
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 140186164 Jan 22 17:19 /usr/lib/jvm/zulu15-ca-amd64/bin/../lib/modules
JAVA_VERSION="15.0.2"
OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM (15.0.2+7) for linux-amd64 JRE (15.0.2+7) (Zulu15.29+15-CA), built on Jan 21 2021 06:01:59 by "zulu_re" with gcc 7.3.1 20180303 (Red Hat 7.3.1-5)