创建新帐户时，我会将用户重定向到他的个人信息摘要
但如果validate_on_submit未返回True，则不会重定向。
验证CSRF_TOKEN是否匹配。
如何使用pytest在测试环境中创建和附加csrf_token？
这是我的测试：
@pytest.fixture
def client():
app = create_app({"TESTING": True})
with app.test_client() as cl:
yield cl
def test_new_first(client):
rv = client.post("/signup", data={
"username": "John Doe",
"email": "johndoe@gmail.com",
"password": "11111111",
}, follow_redirects=True)
assert b"Summary" in rv.data
问题是：即使是CCD_ 5，它也会停留在注册页面上；摘要"；不在rv.data中
我应该把csrf_token放在data中。
如何生成csrf_token？
我能够根据这个要点的工作来测试包含CSRF令牌的表单。为了方便起见，我添加了一个通用的post_csrf方法：
# configure test_client to handle CSRF tokens properly
# according to https://gist.github.com/singingwolfboy/2fca1de64950d5dfed72
# Flask's assumptions about an incoming request don't quite match up with
# what the test client provides in terms of manipulating cookies, and the
# CSRF system depends on cookies working correctly. This little class is a
# fake request that forwards along requests to the test client for setting
# cookies.
class RequestShim(object):
"""
A fake request that proxies cookie-related methods to a Flask test client.
"""
def __init__(self, client):
self.client = client
self.vary = set({})
def set_cookie(self, key, value='', *args, **kwargs):
"""Set the cookie on the Flask test client."""
server_name = flask.current_app.config['SERVER_NAME'] or 'localhost'
return self.client.set_cookie(
server_name, key=key, value=value, *args, **kwargs
)
def delete_cookie(self, key, *args, **kwargs):
"""Delete the cookie on the Flask test client."""
server_name = flask.current_app.config['SERVER_NAME'] or 'localhost'
return self.client.delete_cookie(
server_name, key=key, *args, **kwargs
)
# We're going to extend Flask's built-in test client class, so that it knows
# how to look up CSRF tokens for you!
class FlaskClient(BaseFlaskClient):
@property
def csrf_token(self):
# First, we'll wrap our request shim around the test client, so that
# it will work correctly when Flask asks it to set a cookie.
request = RequestShim(self)
# Next, we need to look up any cookies that might already exist on
# this test client, such as the secure cookie that powers `flask.session`,
# and make a test request context that has those cookies in it.
environ_overrides = {}
self.cookie_jar.inject_wsgi(environ_overrides)
with flask.current_app.test_request_context(
'/auth/login', environ_overrides=environ_overrides,
):
# Now, we call Flask-WTF's method of generating a CSRF token...
csrf_token = generate_csrf()
# ...which also sets a value in `flask.session`, so we need to
# ask Flask to save that value to the cookie jar in the test
# client. This is where we actually use that request shim we made!
flask.current_app.session_interface.save_session(flask.current_app, flask.session, request)
# And finally, return that CSRF token we got from Flask-WTF.
return csrf_token
# Feel free to define other methods on this test client. You can even
# use the `csrf_token` property we just defined, like we're doing here!
def login(self, username='test', password='test'):
# use post_csrf instead of code of linked gist
return self.post_csrf('/auth/login', username=username, password=password, remember_me=False)
def logout(self):
return self.get('/auth/logout', follow_redirects=True)
def post_csrf(self, url, **kwargs):
"""Generic post with csrf_token to test all form submissions of my flask app"""
data = kwargs.pop("data", {})
data["csrf_token"] = self.csrf_token
follow_redirects = kwargs.pop("follow_redirects", True)
return self.post(url, data=data, follow_redirects=follow_redirects, **kwargs)
@pytest.fixture
def app():
"""Create and configure a new app instance for each test."""
app = create_app(TestConfig)
app.test_client_class = FlaskClient
# rest omitted for brevity
@pytest.fixture
def client(app):
"""A test client for the app."""
return app.test_client()
测试如下：
def test_remove_nonexisting_user_fails_gracefully(client):
u = User(username='alice', password='pass')
db.session.add(u)
db.session.commit()
client.login()
response = client.post_csrf('/users/delete/bob')
assert response.status_code == 200
assert len(user.query.all()) == 1
assert b'user bob not found' in response.data