由于API不兼容，Maven war插件3.0.0出现问题

Question

我正在学习JSF教程https://www.tutorialspoint.com/jsf/index.htm.我想我已经完成了那里所写的一切(下载所有必需的sw，用变量的路径设置环境，等等(，但我无法解决Maven war插件的编译问题。我已经阅读了很多问题和可能的解决方案，我想我已经尝试了大多数建议的组合(mvn-clean然后安装，设置正确的jdk版本，指向jdk目录而不是jde，删除.m2存储库，强制升级项目，等等(。所以，我在这里，也许描述我的具体问题将有助于理解如何解决它。

mvn clean install的输出：

[ERROR] Failed to execute goal org.apache.maven.plugins:maven-war-plugin:3.0.0:war (default-war) on project helloworld: Execution default-war of goal org.apache.maven.plugins:maven-war-plugin:3.0.0:war failed: Unable to load the mojo 'war' in the plugin 'org.apache.maven.plugins:maven-war-plugin:3.0.0' due to an API incompatibility: org.codehaus.plexus.component.repository.exception.ComponentLookupException: null
[ERROR] -----------------------------------------------------
[ERROR] realm =    plugin>org.apache.maven.plugins:maven-war-plugin:3.0.0
[ERROR] strategy = org.codehaus.plexus.classworlds.strategy.SelfFirstStrategy
[ERROR] urls[0] = file:/C:/Users/do.romano/.m2/repository/org/apache/maven/plugins/maven-war-plugin/3.0.0/maven-war-plugin-3.0.0.jar
[ERROR] urls[1] = file:/C:/Users/do.romano/.m2/repository/org/sonatype/sisu/sisu-inject-bean/1.4.2/sisu-inject-bean-1.4.2.jar
[ERROR] urls[2] = file:/C:/Users/do.romano/.m2/repository/org/sonatype/sisu/sisu-guice/2.1.7/sisu-guice-2.1.7-noaop.jar
[ERROR] urls[3] = file:/C:/Users/do.romano/.m2/repository/org/sonatype/aether/aether-util/1.7/aether-util-1.7.jar
[ERROR] urls[4] = file:/C:/Users/do.romano/.m2/repository/org/codehaus/plexus/plexus-component-annotations/1.6/plexus-component-annotations-1.6.jar
[ERROR] urls[5] = file:/C:/Users/do.romano/.m2/repository/org/sonatype/plexus/plexus-sec-dispatcher/1.3/plexus-sec-dispatcher-1.3.jar
[ERROR] urls[6] = file:/C:/Users/do.romano/.m2/repository/org/sonatype/plexus/plexus-cipher/1.4/plexus-cipher-1.4.jar
[ERROR] urls[7] = file:/C:/Users/do.romano/.m2/repository/org/apache/maven/maven-archiver/3.1.1/maven-archiver-3.1.1.jar
[ERROR] urls[8] = file:/C:/Users/do.romano/.m2/repository/org/apache/maven/shared/maven-shared-utils/3.0.1/maven-shared-utils-3.0.1.jar
[ERROR] urls[9] = file:/C:/Users/do.romano/.m2/repository/commons-io/commons-io/2.5/commons-io-2.5.jar
[ERROR] urls[10] = file:/C:/Users/do.romano/.m2/repository/org/codehaus/plexus/plexus-archiver/3.4/plexus-archiver-3.4.jar
[ERROR] urls[11] = file:/C:/Users/do.romano/.m2/repository/org/codehaus/plexus/plexus-io/2.7.1/plexus-io-2.7.1.jar
[ERROR] urls[12] = file:/C:/Users/do.romano/.m2/repository/org/apache/commons/commons-compress/1.11/commons-compress-1.11.jar
[ERROR] urls[13] = file:/C:/Users/do.romano/.m2/repository/org/iq80/snappy/snappy/0.4/snappy-0.4.jar
[ERROR] urls[14] = file:/C:/Users/do.romano/.m2/repository/org/tukaani/xz/1.5/xz-1.5.jar
[ERROR] urls[15] = file:/C:/Users/do.romano/.m2/repository/org/codehaus/plexus/plexus-interpolation/1.22/plexus-interpolation-1.22.jar
[ERROR] urls[16] = file:/C:/Users/do.romano/.m2/repository/com/thoughtworks/xstream/xstream/1.4.9/xstream-1.4.9.jar
[ERROR] urls[17] = file:/C:/Users/do.romano/.m2/repository/xmlpull/xmlpull/1.1.3.1/xmlpull-1.1.3.1.jar
[ERROR] urls[18] = file:/C:/Users/do.romano/.m2/repository/xpp3/xpp3_min/1.1.4c/xpp3_min-1.1.4c.jar
[ERROR] urls[19] = file:/C:/Users/do.romano/.m2/repository/org/codehaus/plexus/plexus-utils/3.0.24/plexus-utils-3.0.24.jar
[ERROR] urls[20] = file:/C:/Users/do.romano/.m2/repository/org/apache/maven/shared/maven-filtering/3.1.1/maven-filtering-3.1.1.jar
[ERROR] urls[21] = file:/C:/Users/do.romano/.m2/repository/org/sonatype/plexus/plexus-build-api/0.0.7/plexus-build-api-0.0.7.jar
[ERROR] urls[22] = file:/C:/Users/do.romano/.m2/repository/org/apache/maven/shared/maven-mapping/3.0.0/maven-mapping-3.0.0.jar
[ERROR] Number of foreign imports: 1
[ERROR] import: Entry[import  from realm ClassRealm[maven.api, parent: null]]
[ERROR]
[ERROR] -----------------------------------------------------
[ERROR] : ExceptionInInitializerError: Unable to make field private final java.util.Comparator java.util.TreeMap.comparator accessible: module java.base does not "opens java.util" to unnamed module @6f798482
[ERROR] -> [Help 1]

Maven版本：

Apache Maven 3.8.1 (05c21c65bdfed0f71a2f2ada8b84da59348c4c5d)
Maven home: C:Program Filesapache-maven-3.8.1bin..
Java version: 16.0.1, vendor: Oracle Corporation, runtime: C:Program FilesJavajdk-16.0.1
Default locale: it_IT, platform encoding: Cp1252
OS name: "windows 10", version: "10.0", arch: "amd64", family: "windows"

Java版本：

java version "16.0.1" 2021-04-20
Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (build 16.0.1+9-24)
Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM (build 16.0.1+9-24, mixed mode, sharing)

指向pom.xml第一行的Eclipse错误：https://i.ibb.co/t4CNwR3/problema4.png

pom.xml：

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>com.tutorialspoint.test</groupId>
<artifactId>helloworld</artifactId>
<packaging>war</packaging>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
<name>helloworld Maven Webapp</name>
<url>http://maven.apache.org</url>

<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
<version>3.8.1</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>

<dependency>
<groupId>com.sun.faces</groupId>
<artifactId>jsf-api</artifactId>
<version>2.1.7</version>
</dependency>

<dependency>
<groupId>com.sun.faces</groupId>
<artifactId>jsf-impl</artifactId>
<version>2.1.7</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>

<build>
<finalName>helloworld</finalName>
<plugins>

<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
<version>3.3</version>
<configuration>
<source>16.0.1</source>
<target>16.0.1</target>
<compilerArgument>-Xlint:all</compilerArgument>
<showWarnings>true</showWarnings>
<showDeprecation>true</showDeprecation>
</configuration>
</plugin>

<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-war-plugin</artifactId>
<version>3.0.0</version>
<configuration>
<webResources>
<resource>
<directory>WebContent</directory>
</resource>
</webResources>
<useCache>false</useCache>
</configuration>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
</project>

Answer 1

Maven和Java的版本都是最新的，但war插件的版本不是。尝试使用最新版本，每个网站的版本为3.3.1(在最初回答时(。