感谢您的阅读!我连接了一个水果新像素到我的树莓派零(1)。生成)并让它们与测试python代码一起工作。
作为下一步，我想生成一个带有按钮控制新像素的网页。我基本上遵循了这个教程https://www.hackster.io/mjrobot/iot -控制-覆盆子-π-机器人/互联网- 6988 - d4 # toc-step-5——installing-the-lighttpd-webserver-8
首先，我运行了一个简单的bash cgi脚本，它创建并写入当前时间到一个文件中。切换到python cgi脚本相当容易，不需要更改任何配置文件，这让我很好奇。但是从html中运行测试python代码是行不通的。和以前的问题一样，我开始阅读和修补，但似乎我尝试的任何解决方案都不适合我。
我无法描述(在这上面工作和阅读过去的日子)我所做的一切，但是我将www-data添加到sudoer组，并在/etc/sudoers. conf中创建了一个名为010_www-data-nopasswd的文件以www-data ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD: ALL为内容的目录
我在gpio, i2c和spi组中添加了www-data。我跑sudo visudo并添加www-data ALL=(ALL:ALL) ALL和www-data ALL = NOPASSWD: /var/www/lighttpd/cgi-bin/neopixelTest.py但还是不行
我尝试bash cgi脚本调用测试python脚本与sudo和它的工作原理!所以我认为这可以归结为:
我读过，在配置文件中有一行像".py" => "/usr/bin/python"告诉轻调用/usr/bin/python以.py结尾的cgi脚本，所以我想到了把sudo放到这行，这样基本上每个python脚本都像sudo一样运行。真的不是一件好事，但我认为这整个项目更快速，更脏，比运行轻根更好。但是我找不到这一行。
这是我的/etc/lighttpd/lighttpd.conf文件。
1 server.modules = (
2 "mod_indexfile",
3 "mod_access",
4 "mod_alias",
5 "mod_redirect",
6 )
7
8 server.document-root = "/var/www/lighttpd"
9 server.upload-dirs = ( "/var/cache/lighttpd/uploads" )
10 server.errorlog = "/var/log/lighttpd/error.log"
11 server.pid-file = "/var/run/lighttpd.pid"
12 server.username = "www-data"
13 server.groupname = "www-data"
14 server.port = 80
15
16 # strict parsing and normalization of URL for consistency and security
17 # https://redmine.lighttpd.net/projects/lighttpd/wiki/Server_http-parseoptsDetails
18 # (might need to explicitly set "url-path-2f-decode" = "disable"
19 # if a specific application is encoding URLs inside url-path)
20 server.http-parseopts = (
21 "header-strict" => "enable",# default
22 "host-strict" => "enable",# default
23 "host-normalize" => "enable",# default
24 "url-normalize-unreserved"=> "enable",# recommended highly
25 "url-normalize-required" => "enable",# recommended
26 "url-ctrls-reject" => "enable",# recommended
27 "url-path-2f-decode" => "enable",# recommended highly (unless breaks app)
28 #"url-path-2f-reject" => "enable",
29 "url-path-dotseg-remove" => "enable",# recommended highly (unless breaks app)
30 #"url-path-dotseg-reject" => "enable",
31 #"url-query-20-plus" => "enable",# consistency in query string
32 )
33
34 index-file.names = ( "index.php", "index.html" )
35 url.access-deny = ( "~", ".inc" )
36 static-file.exclude-extensions = ( ".php", ".pl", ".fcgi" )
37
38 compress.cache-dir = "/var/cache/lighttpd/compress/"
39 compress.filetype = ( "application/javascript", "text/css", "text/html", "text/plain" )
40
41 # default listening port for IPv6 falls back to the IPv4 port
42 include_shell "/usr/share/lighttpd/use-ipv6.pl " + server.port
43 include_shell "/usr/share/lighttpd/create-mime.conf.pl"
44 include "/etc/lighttpd/conf-enabled/*.conf"
45
46 #server.compat-module-load = "disable"
47 server.modules += (
48 "mod_compress",
49 "mod_dirlisting",
50 "mod_staticfile",
51 )
这是我的/etc/lighttpd/conf-enabled/10-cgi.conf文件。
1 # /usr/share/doc/lighttpd/cgi.txt
2
3 server.modules += ( "mod_cgi" )
4
5 $HTTP["url"] =~ "^/cgi-bin/" {
6 cgi.assign = ( "" => "" )
7 alias.url += ( "/cgi-bin/" => "/var/www/lighttpd/cgi-bin/" )
8 }
9
10 ## Warning this represents a security risk, as it allow to execute any file
11 ## with a .pl/.py even outside of /usr/lib/cgi-bin.
12 #
13 #cgi.assign = (
14 # ".pl" => "/usr/bin/perl",
15 # ".py" => "/usr/bin/python",
16 #)
17
我知道，有".py" => "/usr/bin/python"行，但它被注释掉了。
这是我的/etc/lighttpd/conf-enabled/10-fastcgi.conf文件。
1 # /usr/share/doc/lighttpd/fastcgi.txt.gz
2 # http://redmine.lighttpd.net/projects/lighttpd/wiki/Docs:ConfigurationOptions#mod_fastcgi-fastcgi
3
4 server.modules += ( "mod_fastcgi" )
5
我认为这整个东西甚至没有使用fastcgi。
最后，这是我的html文件。
1 <!DOCTYPE html>
2 <html>
3 <head>
4
5 <!-- answer to favicon.ico request, see https://stackoverflow.com/a/38917888/15081525 -->
6 <link rel="icon" href="data:,">
7
8 <meta charset="utf-8">
9 <!-- description for google -->
10 <meta name="description" content="This is a website to control the RPi zero">
11 <title>RPi Zero index</title>
12 </head>
13
14 <style>
15 body {background-color: lightyellow}
16 h1 {color:blue}
17 button {
18 color: black;
19 background: lightgrey;
20 border: 1px solid #000;
21 border-radius: 8px;
22 position: center;
23 }
24 </style>
25
26 <body>
27 <div style="text-align:center">
28 <h1>Hello world!</h1>
29 <br>
30 <p>please press test button</p>
31 <br>
32 <button onclick="alerttest('hello world!')">Alert!</button>
33 </p>
34 <button onclick="alert('wazzup!')">wazzup!</button>
35 </p>
36 <!-- button to call .cgi-script - it works -->
37 <button style="height: 50px; width: 125px; font-size: 25px" onclick="test_func()">test</button>
38 </p>
39 <!-- button to call .cgi-script which calls python scripts - it works -->
40 <button style="height: 50px; width: 125px; font-size: 25px" onclick="test_func2()">test2</button>
41 </p>
42 <!-- button to call python script directly - it works -->
43 <button style="height: 50px; width: 125px; font-size:25px" onclick="test_py()">python</button>
44 </p>
45 <!-- button to call neopixelTest.py -->
46 <button style="height: 50px; width: 125px; font-size:25px" onclick="test_neopixel()">neopixel</button>
47
48 <!--
49 <img src="/hello.png">
50 -->
51
52 </div>
53
54 <script>
55 var xmlhttp;
56 xmlhttp=new XMLHttpRequest();
57
58 function test_func() {
59 xmlhttp.open("GET","cgi-bin/test.cgi",true);
60 // prevent XML syntax error (in Firefox console, does not prevent execution or something, so only cosmetic co$
61 xmlhttp.overrideMimeType('application/javascript');
62 xmlhttp.send();
63 }
64
64
65 function alerttest(parameter) {
66 alert(parameter);
67 }
68
69 function test_func2() {
70 xmlhttp.open("GET","cgi-bin/python.cgi",true);
71 // prevent XML syntax error (in Firefox console, does not prevent execution or something, so only cosmetic co$
72 xmlhttp.overrideMimeType('application/javascript');
73 xmlhttp.send();
74 }
75
76 function test_py() {
77 xmlhttp.open("GET","cgi-bin/pythontest.py",true);
78 // prevent XML syntax error (in Firefox console, does not prevent execution or something, so only cosmetic co$
79 xmlhttp.overrideMimeType('application/javascript');
80 xmlhttp.send();
81 }
82
83 function test_neopixel() {
84 xmlhttp.open("GET","cgi-bin/neopixelTest.py",true);
85 // prevent XML syntax error (in Firefox console, does not prevent execution or something, so only cosmetic co$
86 xmlhttp.overrideMimeType('application/javascript');
87 xmlhttp.send();
88 }
89 </script>
90 </body>
91 </html>
92
neopixelTest.py文件基本上就是这个文件https://github.com/adafruit/Adafruit_CircuitPython_NeoPixel/blob/master/examples/neopixel_rpi_simpletest.py。我只是将#! /usr/bin/python添加到代码的顶部。
cgi.assign = ( "" => "" )告诉lighttpd直接执行cgi脚本(因此它们必须标记为可执行(chmod +x))，并且应该有#!/usr/bin/python3或类似的第一行。
对于需要以root身份运行的特定CGI脚本，您可以在CGI -bin中创建一个名为my-script-name的包装器脚本，其中执行sudo <renamed-original-script>
另一种方法是将所有特权脚本放在子目录中，并创建lighttpd条件
$HTTP["url"] =~ "^/cgi-bin/priv/" {
cgi.assign = ( "" => "/path/to/my-sudo-wrapper-script" )
}
和my-sudo-wrapper-script必须从环境中获取CGI目标$SCRIPT_NAME来执行。
第三种选择是将python代码作为守护进程运行，以root身份运行，并让lighttpd通过FastCGI连接到它。这将允许您的代码以root身份运行，但lighttpd将继续以www-data
我遇到的第四个选项是简单地将sudo添加到shebang中，如下所示:
#!/usr/bin/sudo python
这对我有用。我猜执行用户(在我的情况下www-data)必须有权限使用sudo而无需输入密码。
但是，再次，这是一个安全问题(虽然我不打算打开我的RPi到web)，所以我想我会尝试学习如何通过FastCGI与python守护进程连接lighttpd后的第三个选项。谢谢!