为什么django-channels不能连接到安全的Websockets wss?

Question

最近我一直在开发一个应用程序(DBSF -不要成为一个糟糕的朋友)，它的功能有点像facebook，但它会提醒你偶尔与朋友互动。我遇到了一个很长时间都无法修复的bug。

应用程序在我的本地机器上运行良好，但当我试图将应用程序部署到heroku时，我遇到了一个错误。

这个问题是关于用户之间使用Websockets和Django-channels的聊天功能。这是由于heroku需要https，因此websockets也必须是安全的(wss://而不是ws://)。

所以我创建了一个安全的webSocket, url以wss:// 开头这就是bug发生的地方:由于某种原因，asgi.py文件无法建立连接，或者routing.py文件无法将websocket连接到consumers.py

中的正确消费者下面是我修复bug的方法:

1. 在asgi.py中我将http更改为https，或将websocket更改为其中之一(websockets, wsss)
2. 在settings.py
中更改了安全设置
3. 尝试websocket url的不同组合
4. 用daphne代替Django的开发服务器运行

这些都没有改变错误甚至错误消息。

错误消息总是抱怨套接字仍在连接或已经关闭或处于关闭状态

下面是一些代码

浏览器上的(为了在我的本地机器上重现这个错误，我只是硬编码了'wss'):

var ws_scheme = window.location.protocol == "https:" ? "wss" : "ws";
const chatSocket = new WebSocket(
ws_scheme
+ '://'
+ window.location.host
+ '/ws/chat/'
+ friendship_id
+ '/'
);

这是asgi.py

import os
os.environ.setdefault("DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE", "DBSF.settings")
import django
django.setup()
from django.core.management import call_command

from django.core.asgi import get_asgi_application
from channels.routing import ProtocolTypeRouter, URLRouter
from channels.auth import AuthMiddlewareStack
import social.routing
os.environ.setdefault('DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE', 'DBSF.settings')
application = ProtocolTypeRouter({
"http": get_asgi_application(),
"websocket": AuthMiddlewareStack(
URLRouter(
social.routing.websocket_urlpatterns
)
),
})

这是routing.py

from django.urls import re_path, path
from . import consumers
websocket_urlpatterns = [
re_path(r'ws/chat/(?P<friendship_id>w+)/$', consumers.ChatConsumer.as_asgi()),

]

这是consumers.py

import json
from asgiref.sync import async_to_sync
from channels.generic.websocket import WebsocketConsumer
from .models import Message, Friendship, User
import datetime
class ChatConsumer(WebsocketConsumer):

def connect(self):
print('fuuuuuuuu')
self.room_name = self.scope['url_route']['kwargs']['friendship_id']
self.room_group_name = 'chat_%s' % self.room_name
# Join room group
async_to_sync(self.channel_layer.group_add)(
self.room_group_name,
self.channel_name
)
self.accept()
def disconnect(self, close_code):
# Leave room group
async_to_sync(self.channel_layer.group_discard)(
self.room_group_name,
self.channel_name
)
# Receive message from WebSocket
def receive(self, text_data):
text_data_json = json.loads(text_data)
message = text_data_json['message']
sender = text_data_json['sender']
receiver = text_data_json['receiver']
friendship_id = self.scope['url_route']['kwargs']['friendship_id']
message_to_save = Message(conversation=Friendship.objects.get(id=friendship_id), sender=User.objects.get(username=sender), receiver=User.objects.get(username=receiver), text=message, date_sent=datetime.datetime.now())
message_to_save.save()
# Send message to room group
async_to_sync(self.channel_layer.group_send)(
self.room_group_name,
{
'type': 'chat_message',
'message': message,
'sender': sender,
'receiver': receiver,
'id': message_to_save.id
}
)
# Receive message from room group
def chat_message(self, event):
message = event['message']
sender = event['sender']
receiver = event['receiver']
id = event['id']
# Send message to WebSocket
self.send(text_data=json.dumps({
'message': message,
'sender': sender,
'receiver': receiver,
'id': id,
}))

这里是settings.py:

"""
Django settings for DBSF project.
Generated by 'django-admin startproject' using Django 3.1.2.
For more information on this file, see
https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.1/topics/settings/
For the full list of settings and their values, see
https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.1/ref/settings/
"""
from pathlib import Path
import django_heroku
import os
from dotenv import load_dotenv
load_dotenv()
# Build paths inside the project like this: BASE_DIR / 'subdir'.
BASE_DIR = Path(__file__).resolve().parent.parent
# Quick-start development settings - unsuitable for production
# See https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.1/howto/deployment/checklist/
# SECURITY WARNING: keep the secret key used in production secret!
SECRET_KEY = os.environ['SECRET_KEY']
AUTH_USER_MODEL = 'social.User'
# SECURITY WARNING: don't run with debug turned on in production!
DEBUG = True
ALLOWED_HOSTS = ['desolate-lowlands-74512.herokuapp.com', 'localhost', '127.0.0.1']
SECURE_PROXY_SSL_HEADER = ('HTTP_X_FORWARDED_PROTO', 'https')
SECURE_HSTS_SECONDS = 3600
SECURE_SSL_REDIRECT = False
SESSION_COOKIE_SECURE = False
CSRF_COOKIE_SECURE = False
# Application definition
INSTALLED_APPS = [
'channels',
'social',
'django.contrib.admin',
'django.contrib.auth',
'django.contrib.contenttypes',
'django.contrib.sessions',
'django.contrib.messages',
'django.contrib.staticfiles',
]
MIDDLEWARE = [
'django.middleware.security.SecurityMiddleware',
'whitenoise.middleware.WhiteNoiseMiddleware',
'django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware',
'django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware',
'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware',
'django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware',
'django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware',
'django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware',
]
ROOT_URLCONF = 'DBSF.urls'
TEMPLATES = [
{
'BACKEND': 'django.template.backends.django.DjangoTemplates',
'DIRS': [],
'APP_DIRS': True,
'OPTIONS': {
'context_processors': [
'django.template.context_processors.debug',
'django.template.context_processors.request',
'django.contrib.auth.context_processors.auth',
'django.contrib.messages.context_processors.messages',
],
},
},
]
REST_FRAMEWORK = {
# Use Django's standard `django.contrib.auth` permissions,
# or allow read-only access for unauthenticated users.
'DEFAULT_PERMISSION_CLASSES': [
'rest_framework.permissions.DjangoModelPermissionsOrAnonReadOnly'
]
}
WSGI_APPLICATION = 'DBSF.wsgi.application'
ASGI_APPLICATION = 'DBSF.asgi.application'
CHANNEL_LAYERS = {
'default': {
'BACKEND': 'channels_redis.core.RedisChannelLayer',
'CONFIG': {
"hosts": [('https://desolate-lowlands-74512.herokuapp.com/', 6379)],
},
},
}
# Database
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.1/ref/settings/#databases
DATABASES = {
'default': {
'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.sqlite3',
'NAME': BASE_DIR / 'db.sqlite3',
'TIME_ZONE': 'EST'
}
}

# Password validation
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.1/ref/settings/#auth-password-validators
AUTH_PASSWORD_VALIDATORS = [
{
'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.UserAttributeSimilarityValidator',
},
{
'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.MinimumLengthValidator',
},
{
'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.CommonPasswordValidator',
},
{
'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.NumericPasswordValidator',
},
]

# Internationalization
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.1/topics/i18n/
LANGUAGE_CODE = 'en-us'
TIME_ZONE = 'EST'
USE_I18N = True
USE_L10N = True
USE_TZ = True

# Static files (CSS, JavaScript, Images)
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.1/howto/static-files/
STATIC_ROOT = os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'staticfiles')
STATIC_URL = '/static/'
MEDIA_ROOT= os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'media/')
MEDIA_URL= "/media/"

错误信息如下:

layout.js:108 WebSocket connection to 'wss://desolate-lowlands-74512.herokuapp.com/ws/chat/19/' failed: Error during WebSocket handshake: Unexpected response code: 500

下面是完整的项目:https://github.com/fabianomobono/DBSF

下面是heroku上的应用程序:https://desolate低地- 74512. - herokuapp.com/

基本上asgi.py、routing.py或consumers.py这些文件中的一个不能与wss WebSockets一起工作。

当我在本地机器上使用正常的webSocket(ws)时，应用程序可以工作。

我真的认为这将是一个容易解决的问题，但我已经尝试了几个星期了。

这是一个小错误还是我试图处理这个问题的方式完全错误?

这可能是django-channels的bug吗?

请告诉我你是否能够帮助我，或者你是否可以为我指出以前遇到过这个问题的人的方向。

请让我知道我是否解释得足够好，或者如果我不清楚我在问什么。

有人知道如何解决这个问题吗?

Answer 1

我可以通过一些更改在本地主机上连接。在此之前，它甚至不能为ws://协议工作。所以我的改变:

1. 你确定你设置了正确的redis吗?要进行测试，您可以尝试

CHANNEL_LAYERS = {
'default': {
"BACKEND": "channels.layers.InMemoryChannelLayer"
},
}

2. 在github上的代码，你有错误的路由，它是:

re_path(r'wss/chat/(?P<friendship_id>w+)/$', consumers.ChatConsumer.as_asgi()),

但应该是

re_path(r'ws/chat/(?P<friendship_id>w+)/$', consumers.ChatConsumer.as_asgi()),

祝你好运，希望能有所帮助。