我正在尝试安装加密，使用Windows 10操作系统，但它一直出错，无法为cffi构建轮子。
Collecting cryptography
Using cached cryptography-35.0.0-cp36-abi3-win_amd64.whl (2.1 MB)
Collecting cffi>=1.12
Using cached cffi-1.14.6.tar.gz (475 kB)
Requirement already satisfied: pycparser in c:usersalexfappdatalocalprogramspythonpython310libsite-package
s (from cffi>=1.12->cryptography) (2.20)
Building wheels for collected packages: cffi
Building wheel for cffi (setup.py) ... error
ERROR: Command errored out with exit status 1:
command: 'C:UsersalexfAppDataLocalProgramsPythonPython310python.exe' -u -c 'import io, os, sys, setuptoo
ls, tokenize; sys.argv[0] = '"'"'C:\Users\alexf\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-install-x7mxn55y\cffi_7273550c7112440
399311ad24099a7b4\setup.py'"'"'; __file__='"'"'C:\Users\alexf\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-install-x7mxn55y\cffi_
7273550c7112440399311ad24099a7b4\setup.py'"'"';f = getattr(tokenize, '"'"'open'"'"', open)(__file__) if os.path.ex
ists(__file__) else io.StringIO('"'"'from setuptools import setup; setup()'"'"');code = f.read().replace('"'"'rn'
"'"', '"'"'n'"'"');f.close();exec(compile(code, __file__, '"'"'exec'"'"'))' bdist_wheel -d 'C:UsersalexfAppData
LocalTemppip-wheel-q8b5b_9v'
cwd: C:UsersalexfAppDataLocalTemppip-install-x7mxn55ycffi_7273550c7112440399311ad24099a7b4
Complete output (37 lines):
_configtest.c
running bdist_wheel
running build
running build_py
creating build
creating buildlib.win-amd64-3.10
creating buildlib.win-amd64-3.10cffi
copying cffiapi.py -> buildlib.win-amd64-3.10cffi
copying cffibackend_ctypes.py -> buildlib.win-amd64-3.10cffi
copying cfficffi_opcode.py -> buildlib.win-amd64-3.10cffi
copying cfficommontypes.py -> buildlib.win-amd64-3.10cffi
copying cfficparser.py -> buildlib.win-amd64-3.10cffi
copying cffierror.py -> buildlib.win-amd64-3.10cffi
copying cffiffiplatform.py -> buildlib.win-amd64-3.10cffi
copying cffilock.py -> buildlib.win-amd64-3.10cffi
copying cffimodel.py -> buildlib.win-amd64-3.10cffi
copying cffipkgconfig.py -> buildlib.win-amd64-3.10cffi
copying cffirecompiler.py -> buildlib.win-amd64-3.10cffi
copying cffisetuptools_ext.py -> buildlib.win-amd64-3.10cffi
copying cffivengine_cpy.py -> buildlib.win-amd64-3.10cffi
copying cffivengine_gen.py -> buildlib.win-amd64-3.10cffi
copying cffiverifier.py -> buildlib.win-amd64-3.10cffi
copying cffi__init__.py -> buildlib.win-amd64-3.10cffi
copying cffi_cffi_include.h -> buildlib.win-amd64-3.10cffi
copying cffiparse_c_type.h -> buildlib.win-amd64-3.10cffi
copying cffi_embedding.h -> buildlib.win-amd64-3.10cffi
copying cffi_cffi_errors.h -> buildlib.win-amd64-3.10cffi
running build_ext
building '_cffi_backend' extension
creating buildtemp.win-amd64-3.10
creating buildtemp.win-amd64-3.10Release
creating buildtemp.win-amd64-3.10Releasec
creating buildtemp.win-amd64-3.10Releaseclibffi_msvc
C:Program Files (x86)Microsoft Visual Studio2019CommunityVCToolsMSVC14.26.28801binHostX86x64cl.exe /c
/nologo /Ox /W3 /GL /DNDEBUG /MD -Ic/libffi_msvc -IC:UsersalexfAppDataLocalProgramsPythonPython310include
-IC:UsersalexfAppDataLocalProgramsPythonPython310Include -IC:Program Files (x86)Microsoft Visual Studio2
019CommunityVCToolsMSVC14.26.28801include /Tcc/_cffi_backend.c /Fobuildtemp.win-amd64-3.10Releasec/_cffi_b
ackend.obj
_cffi_backend.c
C:UsersalexfAppDataLocalProgramsPythonPython310includepyconfig.h(59): fatal error C1083: Cannot open inc
lude file: 'io.h': No such file or directory
error: command 'C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2019\Community\VC\Tools\MSVC\14.26.28801\
bin\HostX86\x64\cl.exe' failed with exit code 2
----------------------------------------
ERROR: Failed building wheel for cffi
Running setup.py clean for cffi
Failed to build cffi
Installing collected packages: cffi, cryptography
Running setup.py install for cffi ... error
ERROR: Command errored out with exit status 1:
command: 'C:UsersalexfAppDataLocalProgramsPythonPython310python.exe' -u -c 'import io, os, sys, setupt
ools, tokenize; sys.argv[0] = '"'"'C:\Users\alexf\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-install-x7mxn55y\cffi_7273550c71124
40399311ad24099a7b4\setup.py'"'"'; __file__='"'"'C:\Users\alexf\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-install-x7mxn55y\cff
i_7273550c7112440399311ad24099a7b4\setup.py'"'"';f = getattr(tokenize, '"'"'open'"'"', open)(__file__) if os.path.
exists(__file__) else io.StringIO('"'"'from setuptools import setup; setup()'"'"');code = f.read().replace('"'"'r
n'"'"', '"'"'n'"'"');f.close();exec(compile(code, __file__, '"'"'exec'"'"'))' install --record 'C:UsersalexfApp
DataLocalTemppip-record-ye_cwvjninstall-record.txt' --single-version-externally-managed --compile --install-hea
ders 'C:UsersalexfAppDataLocalProgramsPythonPython310Includecffi'
cwd: C:UsersalexfAppDataLocalTemppip-install-x7mxn55ycffi_7273550c7112440399311ad24099a7b4
Complete output (37 lines):
_configtest.c
running install
running build
running build_py
creating build
creating buildlib.win-amd64-3.10
creating buildlib.win-amd64-3.10cffi
copying cffiapi.py -> buildlib.win-amd64-3.10cffi
copying cffibackend_ctypes.py -> buildlib.win-amd64-3.10cffi
copying cfficffi_opcode.py -> buildlib.win-amd64-3.10cffi
copying cfficommontypes.py -> buildlib.win-amd64-3.10cffi
copying cfficparser.py -> buildlib.win-amd64-3.10cffi
copying cffierror.py -> buildlib.win-amd64-3.10cffi
copying cffiffiplatform.py -> buildlib.win-amd64-3.10cffi
copying cffilock.py -> buildlib.win-amd64-3.10cffi
copying cffimodel.py -> buildlib.win-amd64-3.10cffi
copying cffipkgconfig.py -> buildlib.win-amd64-3.10cffi
copying cffirecompiler.py -> buildlib.win-amd64-3.10cffi
copying cffisetuptools_ext.py -> buildlib.win-amd64-3.10cffi
copying cffivengine_cpy.py -> buildlib.win-amd64-3.10cffi
copying cffivengine_gen.py -> buildlib.win-amd64-3.10cffi
copying cffiverifier.py -> buildlib.win-amd64-3.10cffi
copying cffi__init__.py -> buildlib.win-amd64-3.10cffi
copying cffi_cffi_include.h -> buildlib.win-amd64-3.10cffi
copying cffiparse_c_type.h -> buildlib.win-amd64-3.10cffi
copying cffi_embedding.h -> buildlib.win-amd64-3.10cffi
copying cffi_cffi_errors.h -> buildlib.win-amd64-3.10cffi
running build_ext
building '_cffi_backend' extension
creating buildtemp.win-amd64-3.10
creating buildtemp.win-amd64-3.10Release
creating buildtemp.win-amd64-3.10Releasec
creating buildtemp.win-amd64-3.10Releaseclibffi_msvc
C:Program Files (x86)Microsoft Visual Studio2019CommunityVCToolsMSVC14.26.28801binHostX86x64cl.exe
/c /nologo /Ox /W3 /GL /DNDEBUG /MD -Ic/libffi_msvc -IC:UsersalexfAppDataLocalProgramsPythonPython310includ
e -IC:UsersalexfAppDataLocalProgramsPythonPython310Include -IC:Program Files (x86)Microsoft Visual Studio
2019CommunityVCToolsMSVC14.26.28801include /Tcc/_cffi_backend.c /Fobuildtemp.win-amd64-3.10Releasec/_cffi
_backend.obj
_cffi_backend.c
C:UsersalexfAppDataLocalProgramsPythonPython310includepyconfig.h(59): fatal error C1083: Cannot open i
nclude file: 'io.h': No such file or directory
error: command 'C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2019\Community\VC\Tools\MSVC\14.26.28801
\bin\HostX86\x64\cl.exe' failed with exit code 2
----------------------------------------
ERROR: Command errored out with exit status 1: 'C:UsersalexfAppDataLocalProgramsPythonPython310python.exe'
-u -c 'import io, os, sys, setuptools, tokenize; sys.argv[0] = '"'"'C:\Users\alexf\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-ins
tall-x7mxn55y\cffi_7273550c7112440399311ad24099a7b4\setup.py'"'"'; __file__='"'"'C:\Users\alexf\AppData\Local
\Temp\pip-install-x7mxn55y\cffi_7273550c7112440399311ad24099a7b4\setup.py'"'"';f = getattr(tokenize, '"'"'open'
"'"', open)(__file__) if os.path.exists(__file__) else io.StringIO('"'"'from setuptools import setup; setup()'"'"')
;code = f.read().replace('"'"'rn'"'"', '"'"'n'"'"');f.close();exec(compile(code, __file__, '"'"'exec'"'"'))' ins
tall --record 'C:UsersalexfAppDataLocalTemppip-record-ye_cwvjninstall-record.txt' --single-version-externall
y-managed --compile --install-headers 'C:UsersalexfAppDataLocalProgramsPythonPython310Includecffi' Check t
he logs for full command output.
我有OpenSSL版本1.1.1d, pip版本21.2.4，并且使用Python 3.10，如果我尝试自己安装cffi，也会发生同样的错误。我不知道为什么不行。如果您需要更多的信息，我很乐意提供。
我要自己回答这个问题，因为这是我的愚蠢。
cryptography，或者可能是它的依赖库之一，如cffi，还不能与python 3.10一起工作。需要回到3.9才能正常工作。