有效地使用虹膜来组合虹膜，分析和聚合，同时输出发生时间

Question

我使用python/iris从日常数据中获取年度极值。我使用aggregated_by('season_year', iris.analysis.MIN)来获得极值，但我还需要知道它们在每年的什么时候出现。我已经写了下面的代码，但这真的很慢，所以我想知道是否有人知道iris构建的方法，或者是否可以想出另一种更高效的方法？

谢谢！

#--- get daily data
cma = iris.load_cube('daily_data.nc')
#--- get annual extremes
c_metric = cma.aggregated_by('season_year', iris.analysis.MIN)
#--- add date of when the extremes are occurring
extrdateli=[]
#loop over all years
for mij in range(c_metric.data.shape[0]):
#
# get extreme value
m = c_metric.data[mij]
#
#get values for this year
cma_thisseasyr = cma.extract(iris.Constraint(season_year=lambda season_year:season_year==c_metric.coord('season_year').points[mij]))
#
#get date in data cube for when this extreme occurs and print add as string to a list
extradateli += [ str(c_metric.coord('season_year').points[mij])+':'+','.join([''.join(_) for _ in zip([str(_) for _ in cma_thisseasyr.coord('day').points[np.where(cma_thisseasyr.data==m)]], [str(_) for _ in cma_thisseasyr.coord('month').points[np.where(cma_thisseasyr.data==m)]], [str(_) for _ in cma_thisseasyr.coord('year').points[np.where(cma_thisseasyr.data==m)]])])]
#add this list to the metric cube as attribute
c_metric.attributes['date_of_extreme_value'] = ' '.join(extrdateli)
#--- save to file
iris.save('annual_min.nc')

Answer 1

我认为最慢的部分是提取每个季节年的值。您可以通过免除lambda来加快速度，即：

iris.Constraint(season_year=c_metric.coord('season_year').points[mij])

如果这仍然太慢，您可以直接处理多维数据集中的numpy数组。切片numpy数组比从多维数据集中提取要快得多。为了简单起见，下面的示例假设您有一个时间坐标。

import iris
import numpy as np
import iris.coord_categorisation as cat
#--- create a dummy data cube
ndays = 12 * 365 + 3  # 12 years of data
tcoord = iris.coords.DimCoord(range(ndays), units='days since 2001-02-01',
standard_name='time')
cma = iris.cube.Cube(np.random.normal(0, 1, ndays), long_name='blah')
cma.add_dim_coord(tcoord, 0)
cat.add_season_year(cma, 'time')
#--- get annual extremes
c_metric = cma.aggregated_by('season_year', iris.analysis.MIN)
#--- add date of when the extremes are occurring
extrdateli=[]
#loop over all years
for mij in range(c_metric.data.shape[0]):
#
#get extreme value
m = c_metric.data[mij]
#
#get values for this year
year_index = cma.coord('season_year').points == c_metric.coord('season_year').points[mij]
temperatures_this_syear = cma.data[year_index]
dates_this_syear = tcoord.units.num2date(tcoord.points[year_index])
#
#get date in data cube for when this extreme occurs and print add as string to a list
extreme_dates = dates_this_syear[temperatures_this_syear==m]
extrdateli += [ str(c_metric.coord('season_year').points[mij])+':'+','.join(str(date) for date in extreme_dates)]

#add this list to the metric cube as attribute
c_metric.attributes['date_of_extreme_value'] = ' '.join(extrdateli)