Azure BLOB存储REST API上传文件抛出403-禁止

Question

我正在尝试使用共享访问密钥(SAS(将PDF上载到Azure Blob存储容器。代码运行良好，但突然开始抛出403-禁止异常。

响应状态消息：

服务器无法对请求进行身份验证。确保Authorization标头的值格式正确，包括签名

正如这个链接中提到的，403的可能原因之一可能是共享访问密钥过期，因此我刷新了密钥并尝试使用新的密钥，但仍然没有成功。

我正在为控制台应用程序(.NET Framework 4.6.2(调用UploadBlobToStorageContainer方法

代码：

public string AzureStorageAccountName { get; set; }
public string AzureStorageAccessKey { get; set; }
public string X_MS_VERSION
{
get
{
return "2017-04-17";
}
}
public string X_MS_CLIENT_REQUEST_ID
{
get
{
return _x_ms_client_request_id;
}
}
public string BaseURI
{
get
{
return string.Format("https://{0}.blob.core.windows.net/", AzureStorageAccountName);
}
}
private bool UploadBlobToStorageContainer(string filePath, string targetFolderPath, string containerName)
{
bool isUploaded = false;
try
{                
FileInfo fileInfo = new FileInfo(filePath);
long contentLength = fileInfo.Length;
long range = contentLength - 1;
string method = "PUT";
string contentType = "application/pdf";
string blobName = fileInfo.Name;
string blobType = "BlockBlob";
string dateString = DateTime.UtcNow.ToString("R", CultureInfo.InvariantCulture);
string blobURI = BaseURI + containerName + "/" + blobName;
string xmsHeader = $"x-ms-blob-type:{blobType}nx-ms-date:{dateString}nx-ms-version:{X_MS_VERSION}";
string resHeader = $"/{AzureStorageAccountName}/{containerName}/{blobName}";
if (!string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(targetFolderPath))
{
blobName = targetFolderPath + "/" + fileInfo.Name;
}

if (WebRequest.Create(blobURI) is HttpWebRequest request)
{
request.Method = method;
request.ContentLength = contentLength;
request.Headers.Add("x-ms-blob-type", blobType);
request.Headers.Add("x-ms-date", dateString);
request.Headers.Add("x-ms-version", X_MS_VERSION);                    
request.Headers.Add("Authorization", GetAuthorizationHeader(method, xmsHeader, resHeader, contentType, contentLength));
using (Stream requestStream = request.GetRequestStream())
{
byte[] fileContents = null;
using (FileStream fs = fileInfo.OpenRead())
{
fileContents = new byte[fs.Length];
fs.Read(fileContents, 0, fileContents.Length);
fs.Close();
}
requestStream.Write(fileContents, 0, fileContents.Length);
}
if (request.GetResponse() is HttpWebResponse response)
{
if (response.StatusCode == HttpStatusCode.Created)
{
isUploaded = true;
}
else
{
isUploaded = false;
}
}
}
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
if (ex is WebException wex)
{
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
if (wex.Response is HttpWebResponse exr)
{
sb.Append("StatusCode: " + exr.StatusCode + " - ");
sb.Append("Description: " + exr.StatusDescription + " - ");
}
sb.Append("ErrorStatus: " + wex.Status);
Log.LogMessage(LogLevel.ERROR, "AzureBlobApi: UploadBlobToContainer: File upload failed. Reason: " + sb.ToString());
}
Log.LogException(ex);
}
return isUploaded;
}
private string GetAuthorizationHeader(string method, string xmsHeader, string resHeader, string contentType, long contentLength)
{
//Do NOT REMOVE THE n. It is a request header placeholder
/*
GETn //HTTP Verb
n    //Content-Encoding
n    //Content-Language
n    //Content-Length (empty string when zero)
n    //Content-MD5
n    //Content-Type
n    //Date
n    //If-Modified-Since 
n    //If-Match
n    //If-None-Match
n    //If-Unmodified-Since
n    //Range
x-ms-date:Fri, 26 Jun 2015 23:39:12 GMT
x-ms-version:2015-02-21 //CanonicalizedHeaders
/myaccount/mycontainerncomp:metadatanrestype:containerntimeout: 20    //CanonicalizedResource
*/

string strToSign = $"{method}nnnn{contentLength}nnnnnnnn{xmsHeader}n{resHeader}";
string signatureString = GetHashedString(strToSign, AzureStorageAccessKey);
string authorizationHeader = string.Format(
CultureInfo.InvariantCulture,
"{0} {1}:{2}",
"SharedKey",
AzureStorageAccountName,
signatureString);
return authorizationHeader;
}
private string GetHashedString(string signingString, string accessKey)
{
string encString = "";
try
{
byte[] unicodeKey = Convert.FromBase64String(accessKey);
using (HMACSHA256 hmacSha256 = new HMACSHA256(unicodeKey))
{
byte[] dataToHmac = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(signingString);
encString = Convert.ToBase64String(hmacSha256.ComputeHash(dataToHmac));
}
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
Log.LogMessage(LogLevel.ERROR, $"AzureBlobApi: GetHashedString: Exception getting hash string {ex.Message}");
}
return encString;
}

标头

PUT

518262



x-ms-blob-type:BlockBlob
x-ms-date:Sun, 30 Aug 2020 08:43:31 GMT
x-ms-version:2017-04-17
/mystorage/documentcontainer/cricket/test document.pdf

如有任何帮助，我们将不胜感激。

谢谢Raghunathan S

Answer 1

您的代码中存在一些错误。

1.在GetAuthorizationHeader()方法中，请使用以下代码行而不是您的代码行：

string strToSign = $"{method}nnn{contentLength}nn{contentType}nnnnnnn{xmsHeader}n{resHeader}";

2.在UploadBlobToStorageContainer()方法中，请将contentType添加到请求中，如下所示：

request.Method = method;
//add contentType here
request.ContentType = contentType;
request.ContentLength = contentLength;
request.Headers.Add("x-ms-blob-type", blobType);

3.对于X_MS_VERSION，我建议您可以使用最新版本2019-12-12，如下所示：

public string X_MS_VERSION
{
get
{
return "2019-12-12";
}
}

最后，我发布了工作代码示例。如果您仍然有问题，请尝试下面的代码(注意，我假设示例中的targetFolderPath为空，如果您想将文件上传到目录，请根据代码进行调整(：

//other code
public string X_MS_VERSION
{
get
{
return "2019-12-12";
}
}

private bool UploadBlobToStorageContainer(string filePath, string targetFolderPath, string containerName)
{
bool isUploaded = false;
try
{
FileInfo fileInfo = new FileInfo(filePath);
long contentLength = fileInfo.Length;
long range = contentLength;
string method = "PUT";
string contentType = "application/pdf";
string blobName = fileInfo.Name;
string blobType = "BlockBlob";
string dateString = DateTime.UtcNow.ToString("R", CultureInfo.InvariantCulture);
string blobURI = BaseURI + containerName + "/" + blobName;
string xmsHeader = $"x-ms-blob-type:{blobType}nx-ms-date:{dateString}nx-ms-version:{X_MS_VERSION}";
string resHeader = $"/{AzureStorageAccountName}/{containerName}/{blobName}";
if (!string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(targetFolderPath))
{
blobName = targetFolderPath + "/" + fileInfo.Name;
}
if (WebRequest.Create(blobURI) is HttpWebRequest request)
{
request.Method = method;
request.ContentType = contentType;
request.ContentLength = contentLength;
request.Headers.Add("x-ms-blob-type", blobType);
request.Headers.Add("x-ms-date", dateString);
request.Headers.Add("x-ms-version", X_MS_VERSION);
request.Headers.Add("Authorization", GetAuthorizationHeader(method, xmsHeader, resHeader, contentType, contentLength));
using (Stream requestStream = request.GetRequestStream())
{
byte[] fileContents = null;
using (FileStream fs = fileInfo.OpenRead())
{
fileContents = new byte[fs.Length];
fs.Read(fileContents, 0, fileContents.Length);
fs.Close();
}
requestStream.Write(fileContents, 0, fileContents.Length);
}
if (request.GetResponse() is HttpWebResponse response)
{
if (response.StatusCode == HttpStatusCode.Created)
{
isUploaded = true;
}
else
{
isUploaded = false;
}
}
}
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
if (ex is WebException wex)
{
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
if (wex.Response is HttpWebResponse exr)
{
sb.Append("StatusCode: " + exr.StatusCode + " - ");
sb.Append("Description: " + exr.StatusDescription + " - ");
}
sb.Append("ErrorStatus: " + wex.Status);
Log.LogMessage(LogLevel.ERROR, "AzureBlobApi: UploadBlobToContainer: File upload failed. Reason: " + sb.ToString());
}
Log.LogException(ex);
}
return isUploaded;
}


private string GetAuthorizationHeader(string method, string xmsHeader, string resHeader, string contentType, long contentLength)
{
//Do NOT REMOVE THE n. It is a request header placeholder
/*
GETn //HTTP Verb
n    //Content-Encoding
n    //Content-Language
n    //Content-Length (empty string when zero)
n    //Content-MD5
n    //Content-Type
n    //Date
n    //If-Modified-Since 
n    //If-Match
n    //If-None-Match
n    //If-Unmodified-Since
n    //Range
x-ms-date:Fri, 26 Jun 2015 23:39:12 GMT
x-ms-version:2015-02-21 //CanonicalizedHeaders
/myaccount/mycontainerncomp:metadatanrestype:containerntimeout: 20    //CanonicalizedResource
*/
string strToSign = $"{method}nnn{contentLength}nn{contentType}nnnnnnn{xmsHeader}n{resHeader}";
string signatureString = GetHashedString(strToSign, AzureStorageAccessKey);
string authorizationHeader = string.Format(
CultureInfo.InvariantCulture,
"{0} {1}:{2}",
"SharedKey",
AzureStorageAccountName,
signatureString);
return authorizationHeader;
}

//other code

Answer 2

找到了我的问题的解决方案。当我通过POSTMAN运行请求时，发现头中的资源uri是URLEncoded，这是我在代码中没有做的，并且我试图上传的文件的名称是"之间的空格；测试文档.pdf"；

PostMan 的回应

'PUT

518262
application/pdf



x-ms-blob-type:BlockBlob
x-ms-date:Mon, 31 Aug 2020 04:41:25 GMT
x-ms-version:2019-12-12
/mystorage/documentcontainer/cricket/test%20document.pdf'

而根据我的代码生成的用于签名的头是

PUT

518262



x-ms-blob-type:BlockBlob
x-ms-date:Sun, 30 Aug 2020 08:43:31 GMT
x-ms-version:2017-04-17
/mystorage/documentcontainer/cricket/test document.pdf

当我在代码中进行以下更改时，通过URL编码文件名

string blobName = Uri.EscapeUriString(fileInfo.Name);

它起了作用，文件成功上传。

谢谢伙计们的帮助。

Answer 3

Http 403通常是由身份验证失败引起的，请确保SAS有足够的权限在指定的容器中创建和写入blob，并确保容器本身已经存在(因为它需要额外的权限来创建容器(，有关SAS权限的更多详细信息，请参阅创建服务SAS和创建帐户SAS。

验证SAS是否有足够权限的一个简单方法是在代码中调用Azure存储客户端库的blockBlob.UploadFromFile()，看看它是否有效，或者是否也报告了相同的错误。

在DMLib:中使用容器SAS

CloudBlockBlob blob = new CloudBlockBlob(new Uri("https://<storage>.blob.core.windows.net/<container_name/testaaa?st=2020-02-15T08%3A30%3A00Z&se=2020-02-20T08%3A30%3A00Z&sp=rwdl&sv=2016-05-31&sr=c&sig=<Replaced>"));
TransferManager.UploadAsync(@"c:Test.pdf", blob).Wait();