'bytes'对象没有属性'items'

Question

在进行CTF挑战时，我们被要求在几毫秒内输入某个"密钥">的MD5哈希，所以我试图在Python3:中自动执行这样的任务

import re
import urllib.request
import urllib.parse
import hashlib
url = 'http://random.page'
page = urllib.request.urlopen(url)
header = {}
header['Set-Cookie'] = page.info()['Set-Cookie']
html = page.read().decode('utf-8')
key = re.search("<h3 align='center'>+.*</h3>", html).group(0)[19:-5]
md5 = hashlib.md5(key.encode()).hexdigest()
data = {'hash':md5}
post_data = urllib.parse.urlencode(data).encode('ascii')
post_header = urllib.parse.urlencode(header).encode('ascii')
request = urllib.request.Request(url, data=post_data, headers=post_header)
response = urllib.request.urlopen(request)
print(response.read().decode('utf-8'))

我想要相同的会话，因为每次请求都会更改"密钥"，所以我尝试使用相同的cookie。但是这个错误出现了：

Traceback (most recent call last):
File "MD5.py", line 18, in <module>
request = urllib.request.Request(url, data=post_data, headers=post_header)
File "/usr/lib/python3.7/urllib/request.py", line 334, in __init__
for key, value in headers.items():
AttributeError: 'bytes' object has no attribute 'items'

Answer 1

不要对标头进行urlencode。urllib.request.Request希望它是一本字典。

只需按原样传递标题，它就能解决您的问题。