Selenium超时异常未按预期工作

Question

我是Python的新手，所以不确定这里出了什么问题。根据我的理解，当窗口没有聚焦时，Selenium有时无法定位元素(因此我切换到无头(。因此，我正在努力解决这一问题，并使其在100%的时间内发挥作用。

这就是错误的样子：

selenium.common.exceptions.TimeoutException: Message: 
Stacktrace:
Backtrace:
Ordinal0 [0x00986903+2517251]
Ordinal0 [0x0091F8E1+2095329]
Ordinal0 [0x00822848+1058888]
Ordinal0 [0x0084D448+1233992]
Ordinal0 [0x0084D63B+1234491]
Ordinal0 [0x00877812+1406994]
Ordinal0 [0x0086650A+1336586]
Ordinal0 [0x00875BBF+1399743]
Ordinal0 [0x0086639B+1336219]
Ordinal0 [0x008427A7+1189799]
Ordinal0 [0x00843609+1193481]
GetHandleVerifier [0x00B15904+1577972]
GetHandleVerifier [0x00BC0B97+2279047]
GetHandleVerifier [0x00A16D09+534521]
GetHandleVerifier [0x00A15DB9+530601]
Ordinal0 [0x00924FF9+2117625]
Ordinal0 [0x009298A8+2136232]
Ordinal0 [0x009299E2+2136546]
Ordinal0 [0x00933541+2176321]
BaseThreadInitThunk [0x770EFA29+25]
RtlGetAppContainerNamedObjectPath [0x77B47A9E+286]
RtlGetAppContainerNamedObjectPath [0x77B47A6E+238]

所以我试图找到一个解决方案，那就是重新运行/尝试一次，但结果真的一团糟：

2021-12-22 04:50:20.920372 Signed in
Password input crashed. Retrying now...
2021-12-22 04:50:31.234082 Loaded profile page
Username input crashed. Retrying now...
2021-12-22 04:52:12.192628 Signed in
Password input crashed. Retrying now...
2021-12-22 04:52:22.473065 Loaded profile page
2021-12-22 04:52:23.174232 Signed in
Password input crashed. Retrying now...
2021-12-22 04:52:33.452513 Loaded profile page

这是代码：

import tkinter as tk
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC
from selenium.webdriver.chrome.options import Options
from selenium.webdriver.chrome.service import Service
from selenium.common.exceptions import TimeoutException
import threading
import time
from time import sleep
import datetime
options = webdriver.ChromeOptions()
options.add_argument("--headless")
options.add_argument("start-maximized")
root = tk.Tk()
app_width = 300
app_height = 320
screen_width = root.winfo_screenwidth()
screen_height = root.winfo_screenheight()
x = (screen_width / 2) - (app_width / 2)
y = (screen_height / 2) - (app_height / 2)
root.geometry(f'{app_width}x{app_height}+{int(x)}+{int(y)}')
#
ser = Service("C:Program Files (x86)chromedriver.exe")
driver = webdriver.Chrome(service=ser, options=options)
wait = WebDriverWait(driver, 50)
testbtn_txt = tk.StringVar()
testbtn = tk.Button(root, textvariable=testbtn_txt, command=lambda:open_browser_func(), font="Arial", bg="#808080", fg="white", height=1, width=10)
testbtn_txt.set("Test")
testbtn.grid(row=10, column=0, columnspan=2, pady=5, padx=5)

def open_browser_func():
global driver
driver.get("https://twitter.com/i/flow/login")
sleep(5)
try:
loginuser  = wait.until(EC.visibility_of_element_located((By.NAME, "text")))
loginuser.send_keys("Username", Keys.RETURN)
except TimeoutException:
def retry_sign_in():
print("Username input crashed. Retrying now...")
driver.quit
return open_browser_func()
retrytimer = threading.Timer(5, retry_sign_in)
retrytimer.start()
try:
loginPassword = wait.until(EC.visibility_of_element_located((By.NAME, "password")))
loginPassword.send_keys("Password", Keys.RETURN)
except TimeoutException:
def retry_sign_in2():
print("Password input crashed. Retrying now...")
driver.quit
return open_browser_func()
retrytimer2 = threading.Timer(5, retry_sign_in2)
retrytimer2.start()
ct = datetime.datetime.now()
print(ct, "Signed in")
def logged_in_shot():
driver.get_screenshot_as_file("logged_in_shot.png")
driver.get("https://twitter.com/Username")

ct2 = datetime.datetime.now()
print(ct2, "Loaded profile page")
logged_in_timer = threading.Timer(10, logged_in_shot)
logged_in_timer.start()

return driver
root.mainloop()

Answer 1

通过这里的异常处理，您可能希望实现对其尝试次数的限制，或者不按您现在的方式调用原始函数。

try:
loginuser  = wait.until(EC.visibility_of_element_located((By.NAME, "text")))
loginuser.send_keys("Username", Keys.RETURN)
except TimeoutException:
def retry_sign_in():
print("Username input crashed. Retrying now...")
driver.quit
return open_browser_func()
retrytimer = threading.Timer(5, retry_sign_in)
retrytimer.start()

您在这里重试，这很好，但如果每次都返回open_browser_func((，如果它继续失败，它将继续运行该函数。如果你通过了一个限制(IE，3次(并强制执行，你可能会解决这个问题。

对于这里的原始问题，我使用了两种解决方案来帮助处理Selenium-中尚未加载的元素

1. 使用睡眠或等待功能，这很有效，但可能很草率
2. 创建一个函数以等待元素出现在视图中。这往往效果最好