安装OS11 Big Sur使得我的ruby安装不再有效，所以我正在尝试重新安装它。我已经按照这里的说明安装了rbenv，rbenv-doctor脚本运行表明没有问题。但当我尝试运行rbenv install 2.7.2时，我遇到了一个与编译器设置有关的错误：
% rbenv install 2.7.2
Downloading ruby-2.7.2.tar.bz2...
-> https://cache.ruby-lang.org/pub/ruby/2.7/ruby-2.7.2.tar.bz2
Installing ruby-2.7.2...
ruby-build: using readline from homebrew
BUILD FAILED (macOS 11.0.1 using ruby-build 20201005)
Inspect or clean up the working tree at /var/folders/yn/wzkl_t8567l9pvwhp0wsm40w0000gn/T/ruby-build.20201121103616.80606.FFBFEn
Results logged to /var/folders/yn/wzkl_t8567l9pvwhp0wsm40w0000gn/T/ruby-build.20201121103616.80606.log
Last 10 log lines:
tool/config.guess already exists
tool/config.sub already exists
checking build system type... x86_64-apple-darwin20.1.0
checking host system type... x86_64-apple-darwin20.1.0
checking target system type... x86_64-apple-darwin20.1.0
checking whether the C compiler works... no
configure: error: in `/var/folders/yn/wzkl_t8567l9pvwhp0wsm40w0000gn/T/ruby-build.20201121103616.80606.FFBFEn/ruby-2.7.2':
configure: error: C compiler cannot create executables
See `config.log' for more details
make: *** No targets specified and no makefile found. Stop.
当然，相应的config.log相当长，但相关的行是：
configure:3017: checking for ruby
configure:3035: found /usr/bin/ruby
configure:3048: result: /usr/bin/ruby
configure:3121: checking build system type
configure:3135: result: x86_64-apple-darwin20.1.0
configure:3223: checking host system type
configure:3236: result: x86_64-apple-darwin20.1.0
configure:3256: checking target system type
configure:3269: result: x86_64-apple-darwin20.1.0
configure:4016: checking for C compiler version
configure:4025: clang --version >&5
clang version 6.0.0 (tags/RELEASE_600/final)
Target: x86_64-apple-darwin20.1.0
Thread model: posix
InstalledDir: /usr/local/clang6/bin
configure:4036: $? = 0
configure:4025: clang -v >&5
clang version 6.0.0 (tags/RELEASE_600/final)
Target: x86_64-apple-darwin20.1.0
Thread model: posix
InstalledDir: /usr/local/clang6/bin
configure:4036: $? = 0
configure:4025: clang -V >&5
clang-6.0: error: argument to '-V' is missing (expected 1 value)
clang-6.0: error: no input files
configure:4036: $? = 1
configure:4025: clang -qversion >&5
clang-6.0: error: unknown argument: '-qversion'
clang-6.0: error: no input files
configure:4036: $? = 1
configure:4056: checking whether the C compiler works
configure:4078: clang -I/Users/richard/.rbenv/versions/2.7.2/include -I/usr/local/opt/readline/include -L/Users/richard/.rbenv/versions/2.7.2/lib -L/usr/local/opt/readline/lib conftest.c >&5
ld: library not found for -lSystem
clang-6.0: error: linker command failed with exit code 1 (use -v to see invocation)
configure:4082: $? = 1
configure:4120: result: no
configure: failed program was:
| /* confdefs.h */
| #define PACKAGE_NAME ""
| #define PACKAGE_TARNAME ""
| #define PACKAGE_VERSION ""
| #define PACKAGE_STRING ""
| #define PACKAGE_BUGREPORT ""
| #define PACKAGE_URL ""
| /* end confdefs.h. */
|
| int
| main ()
| {
|
| ;
| return 0;
| }
configure:4125: error: in `/var/folders/yn/wzkl_t8567l9pvwhp0wsm40w0000gn/T/ruby-build.20201121101556.78734.11rqwy/ruby-2.7.2':
configure:4127: error: C compiler cannot create executables
See `config.log' for more details
(主要？(问题似乎是错误：
ld: library not found for -lSystem
但之前的错误似乎意味着配置脚本不理解命令行选项。。。？
以下是关于我的设置的一些相关细节：
XCode命令行工具：
% pkgutil --pkg-info=com.apple.pkg.CLTools_Executables | grep version
version: 12.2.0.0.1.1604076827
gcc:
% which gcc
/usr/bin/gcc
% gcc -v
Configured with: --prefix=/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/usr --with-gxx-include-dir=/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Platforms/MacOSX.platform/Developer/SDKs/MacOSX.sdk/usr/include/c++/4.2.1
Apple clang version 12.0.0 (clang-1200.0.32.27)
Target: x86_64-apple-darwin20.1.0
Thread model: posix
InstalledDir: /Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Toolchains/XcodeDefault.xctoolchain/usr/bin
叮当声：
% which clang
/usr/local/clang6/bin/clang
% clang -v
clang version 6.0.0 (tags/RELEASE_600/final)
Target: x86_64-apple-darwin20.1.0
Thread model: posix
InstalledDir: /usr/local/clang6/bin
我的.zprofile中也有以下内容，以解决之前找不到必要的头文件的问题：
export CPATH="/Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/SDKs/MacOSX.sdk/usr/include"
提前感谢您的任何见解。
问题似乎是您正在使用clang6(可能来自https://cran.r-project.org/bin/macosx/tools/)而不是随Xcode命令行工具一起提供的clang版本。你需要苹果版的clang。
验证您是否已安装带有sudo xcode-select --install的CLT。安装后，验证/usr/bin/clang -v是否返回类似Apple clang version 12的内容。现在修改您的$PATH并重试：
export PATH=/usr/bin:$PATH
rbenv install 2.7.2
或者使用任何其他shell技巧，让rbenv使用苹果版本的clang，然后重试安装。
如果有可能使用rvm，我能够在MacOS Big Sur上成功安装2.7.2版本
此处捕获安装命令输出https://gist.github.com/gowtham1984/ba04219aa03dd29e5d44d48164c15c7a