有哪些方法可以从用户输入中解析日期/时间

Question

class Date:
def __init__(self, digits):   #digits='10/20/21'
self.month = digits[:2]  #'10'
self.day = digits[3:5]   #'20'
self.year = digits[6:8]  #'21'
def __str__(self):
return f"Dated this {self.day} day of {self.month}, 20{self.year}"
def checkday(date):        #add 'st', 'nd', 'rd', or 'th' to day
if int(date.day) == 1 or int(date.day) == 21 or int(date.day) == 31:
date.day += 'st'
elif int(date.day) == 2 or int(date.day) == 22:
date.day += 'nd'
elif int(date.day) == 3 or int(date.day) == 23:
date.day += 'rd'
else:
date.day += 'th'
def checkmonth(date):     #get name of month
date.month = monthdic[date.month]
months = ['Jan', 'Feb', 'Mar', 'Apr', 'May', 'June', 'Jul', 'Aug', 'Sep', 'Oct','Nov', 'Dec']
monthdic = {str(i): month for i, month in zip(range(1,13), months)}
date = Date(input("Enter date (mm/dd/yy):t"))
checkday(date)
checkmonth(date)
print(date)

几个错误归结为一个我没有想到的问题：

如果是一月：1/12/14将不工作，因为self.month是1/12/14[:2]。

Enter date (mm/dd/yy):  1/12/14
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "date.py", line 38, in <module>
checkday(date)
File "date.py", line 14, in checkday
if int(date.day) == 1 or int(date.day) == 21 or int(date.day) == 31:
ValueError: invalid literal for int() with base 10: '2/'

如果我求助于01/12/14，这也将不起作用，因为01是'01'，而monthdic['01']不存在：

Enter date (mm/dd/yy):  01/12/14
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "date.py", line 39, in <module>
checkmonth(date)
File "date.py", line 28, in checkmonth
date.month = monthdic[date.month]
KeyError: '01'

显然

def __init__(self, digits):
self.month = digits[:2]
self.day = digits[3:5]
self.year = digits[6:8]

不是最好的方法，有哪些好的方法(除了regex(？

还有一件事：在__init__内部调用checkdate()和checkmonth合适吗？

Answer 1

使用的最佳方法是split方法。您可以拆分相对于'/'输入的文本。所以，类似1/12/14的东西会变成[1, 12, 14]。剩下的就简单明了了。

class Date:
def __init__(self, digits):
split = digits.split('/')
self.month = split[0]
self.day = split[1]
self.year = split[2]
def __str__(self):
return f"Dated this {self.day} day of {self.month}, {self.year}"

Answer 2

@MuhameedJaseem建议：split = digits.split('/')并使用split。还按照许多人的建议改进了代码。代码现在更加优雅了。

class Date:
def __init__(self, digits):
self.month, self.day, self.year = digits.split('/')

def __str__(self):
return f"Dated this {self.day} day of {self.month}, {self.year}"

def checkday(date):
if date.day[-1] == '1' and date.day[0] != '1':
date.day += 'st'
elif date.day[-1] == '2' and date.day[0] != '1':
date.day += 'nd'
elif date.day[-1] == '3' and date.day[0] != '1':
date.day += 'rd'
else:
date.day += 'th'

def checkmonth(date):
date.month = monthdic[date.month]

months = ['Jan', 'Feb', 'Mar', 'Apr', 'May', 'June', 'Jul', 'Aug', 'Sep', 'Oct','Nov', 'Dec']
monthdic = {str(i): month for i, month in zip(range(1,13), months)}

date = Date(input("Enter date (m/d/y):t"))
checkday(date)
checkmonth(date)