我如何才能使pygame中的make按钮正常工作?(刽子手游戏)



嗨,我是一个python noob,我正试图用pygame自己制作一个刽子手游戏,同时尽可能避免YouTube教程的帮助。

我的问题是:

  1. 当我悬停在按钮上时,按钮会改变颜色(这很好(,但即使我仍在按钮上悬停,它也会变回来。此外,当鼠标悬停在多个按钮上时,按钮的响应性非常差。

  2. 当我点击一个按钮时,程序会认为我在多次点击该按钮。因为它多次执行print('clicked!')行。

  3. 最后,当我点击一个按钮对精灵进行闪电攻击时,它只会对精灵进行短暂的闪电攻击,并且会自动取消闪电攻击。

这是我的代码:

import pygame
pygame.init()
# DISPLAY
WIDTH, HEIGHT = 800, 500
window = pygame.display.set_mode((WIDTH, HEIGHT))
# TITLE BAR
TITLE = "Hangman"
pygame.display.set_caption(TITLE)
# HANGMAN SPRITES
man = [pygame.image.load(f"hangman{frame}.png") for frame in range(0, 7)]

class Button:
def __init__(self, color, x, y, radius, text=""):
self.radius = radius
self.color = color
self.x = x
self.y = y
self.width = 2
self.text = text
self.visible = True
def draw(self, window, outline=None):
if self.visible:
if outline:
# draws a bigger circle behind
pygame.draw.circle(window, outline, (self.x, self.y), self.radius + 2, 0)
pygame.draw.circle(window, self.color, (self.x, self.y), self.radius, 0)
if self.text != "":
if self.visible:
font = pygame.font.SysFont("courier", 30)
text = font.render(self.text, 1, (0, 0, 0))
window.blit(text, (self.x - text.get_width() / 2, self.y - text.get_height() / 2))
def hover(self, pos):
if self.y + self.radius > pos[1] > self.y - self.radius:
if self.x + self.radius > pos[0] > self.x - self.radius:
return True
return False

def main():
run = True
FPS = 60
clock = pygame.time.Clock()
large_font = pygame.font.SysFont("courier", 50)
letters = []
error = 0
def redraw_window():
window.fill((255, 255, 255))

window.blit(man[0], (20, 100))
# DRAWS LETTER BUTTONS
for letter in letters:
letter.draw(window, (0, 0, 0))
pygame.display.update()
while run:
redraw_window()
clock.tick(FPS)
alphabet = list("ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ")
letter_x1, letter_y1 = 40, 375
letter_x2, letter_y2 = 40, 435
for i in range(13):
letter_1 = Button((255, 255, 255), letter_x1, letter_y1, 25, alphabet[i])
letters.append(letter_1)
letter_x1 += 60
for i in range(13, 26):
letter_2 = Button((255, 255, 255), letter_x2, letter_y2, 25, alphabet[i])
letters.append(letter_2)
letter_x2 += 60
for event in pygame.event.get():
if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
run = False
elif event.type == pygame.MOUSEMOTION:
for letter in letters[:]:
if letter.hover(pygame.mouse.get_pos()):
letter.color = (0, 255, 0)
else:
letter.color = (255, 255, 255)
elif event.type == pygame.MOUSEBUTTONDOWN:
for letter in letters:
if letter.hover(pygame.mouse.get_pos()):
print("clicked!")
window.blit(man[1], (20, 100))
pygame.display.update()
quit()
main()

此外,我从YouTube上的《与蒂姆·汉格曼的技术教程》中获得了精灵(我只是在没有看他编写游戏代码的情况下获得了精灵,因为我想自己尝试,这样我就可以学到更多(。我也从Tech With Tim的视频中获得了我的按钮类代码。

首先在应用程序循环之前初始化按钮,而不是在循环中连续初始化

def main():
# init buttons
alphabet = list("ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ")
letter_x1, letter_y1 = 40, 375
letter_x2, letter_y2 = 40, 435
for i in range(13):
letter_1 = Button((255, 255, 255), letter_x1, letter_y1, 25, alphabet[i])
letters.append(letter_1)
letter_x1 += 60
for i in range(13, 26):
letter_2 = Button((255, 255, 255), letter_x2, letter_y2, 25, alphabet[i])
letters.append(letter_2)
letter_x2 += 60
# application loop
while run:
# [...]

向按钮添加属性clicked,该属性存储按钮(类似于visible属性(:

class Button:
def __init__(self, color, x, y, radius, text=""):
# [...]
self.visible = True
self.clicked = False

当点击按钮时设置属性:

def main():
# [...]
while run:
# [...]
for event in pygame.event.get():
# [...]
elif event.type == pygame.MOUSEBUTTONDOWN:
for letter in letters:
if letter.hover(pygame.mouse.get_pos()):
letter.clicked = True

现在,您可以根据按钮的clicked状态绘制对象:

def main():
# [...]
def redraw_window():
window.fill((255, 255, 255))

window.blit(man[0], (20, 100))
# DRAWS LETTER BUTTONS
for letter in letters:
letter.draw(window, (0, 0, 0))

if letter.clicked:
# [...]
pygame.display.update()
# [...]
while run:
redraw_window()
# [...]        

或者,您可以存储最后一个被点击到变量(lastLetterClicked(的按钮,并根据变量绘制一些内容:

def main():
# [...]
def redraw_window():
# [...]
if lastLetterClicked:
# [...]
pygame.display.update()
lastLetterClicked = None
while run:
redraw_window()
# [...]
for event in pygame.event.get():
# [...]
elif event.type == pygame.MOUSEBUTTONDOWN:
for letter in letters:
if letter.hover(pygame.mouse.get_pos()):
# [...]
lastLetterClicked = letter
# [...]

好吧,让我们从第一个开始,我怀疑这里的一些更改可能也有助于解决其他更改。nonice,您正在"while-run"循环中创建"初始彩色按钮",这意味着它将一次又一次地发生,但您在event-for-loop中使用红色按钮,这只有在出现新事件时才会发生。你看到问题了吗?悬停事件发生后的下一个minut,程序将只绘制一个常规按钮!我认为这条线路是

letter.color = (0, 255, 0) 

在OOP中被认为是一个坏习惯,因为你不想在类之外更改对象属性。相反,让我们构建一个";颜色设置";方法

def set_color(self , color):
self.color = color

并启动按钮letter_1=按钮((255255255(,letter_x1,letter_y1,25,alphabet[i](

在游戏开始之前,在while run循环之外

在while循环中,您可以添加一个循环来绘制它们。

for letrer in letters:
letter.draw()

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