在运行测试时在SpringMvC中注入bean

Question

运行测试时出现以下错误：

nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.NoSuchBeanDefinitionException: No qualifying bean of type 'com.bonanza.api.IWorkflowService' available: expected at least 1 bean which qualifies as autowire candidate. Dependency annotations: {@org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired(required=true)}

这是我在运行类时加载的servlet xml：

<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:jpa="http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/jpa"
xmlns:util="http://www.springframework.org/schema/util"
xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
xsi:schemaLocation="
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-4.2.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/jpa
http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/jpa/spring-jpa.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">

<context:annotation-config />
<context:component-scan base-package="com.bonanza.*" />
<jpa:repositories base-package="com.bonanza.*" />
<!-- transaction management -->
<mvc:annotation-driven />

<bean id="workflowService"
class="com.bonanza.api.IWorkflowService" abstract="true"/>
..
</beans>

Answer 1

我认为您的问题是试图使用接口而不是具体类来注入应用程序中其他bean所需的com.bonanza.api.IWorkflowService类型的依赖项。

为了解决这个问题，你有几个选择。

一方面，您当然可以提供该接口的实际实现。

或者，另一方面，您可以为该接口提供一个mock对象。您可以为此使用Mockito，并使用类似于以下代码的内容修改您的Spring XML配置：

<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:jpa="http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/jpa"
xmlns:util="http://www.springframework.org/schema/util"
xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
xsi:schemaLocation="
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-4.2.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/jpa
http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/jpa/spring-jpa.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">

<context:annotation-config />
<context:component-scan base-package="com.bonanza.*" />
<jpa:repositories base-package="com.bonanza.*" />
<!-- transaction management -->
<mvc:annotation-driven />

<bean id="workflowService" class="org.mockito.Mockito" factory-method="mock">
<constructor-arg value="com.bonanza.api.IWorkflowService" />
</bean>
..
</beans>

如果需要，您可以在配置中自定义模拟行为(来自您的另一个问题(：

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@WebAppConfiguration
@ContextConfiguration("classpath:backoffice-servlet.xml")
public class TimeControllerTests {
@Autowired
private WebApplicationContext wac;
@Autowired
private IWorkflowService workflowService;
private MockMvc mockMvc;
@Before
public void setup() {
this.mockMvc = MockMvcBuilders.webAppContextSetup(this.wac).build();
// given(this.workflowService...).willReturn(...);
}

@Test
public void should_OK() throws Exception {
mockMvc.perform(get("/time/2")
.contentType(APPLICATION_JSON))
.andExpect(status().isOk());
}
}