检查文件是否有字符串匹配和辅助字符串匹配，然后仅更改结果行

Question

我曾尝试将grep加倍为sed，但sed忽略了已过滤的行。

我有一个文件：

<address domain='0x000' bus='0x71' slot='0x00' function='0x0' />
<address domain='0x000' bus='0x71' slot='0x00' function='0x1' />
<address domain='0x000' bus='0x71' slot='0x00' function='0x2' />
<address type='obo' domain='0x000' bus='0x71' slot='0x0c' function='0x0' />
<address domain='0x000' bus='0xdt' slot='0x00' function='0x0' />
<address type='obo' domain='0x000' bus='0x71' slot='0x01' function='0x0' />
<address domain='0x000' bus='0xdt' slot='0x00' function='0x1' />

我想把重点放在address domain的行上，过滤成function=0x0的行。。。最后只更改了bus IDs

例如：如果我试图用0xdt和函数0x0更新所有busses，那么用LABEL_1，最终结果会是。。。

<address domain='0x000' bus='0x71' slot='0x00' function='0x0' />
<address domain='0x000' bus='0x71' slot='0x00' function='0x1' />
<address domain='0x000' bus='0x71' slot='0x00' function='0x2' />
<address type='obo' domain='0x000' bus='0x71' slot='0x0c' function='0x0' />
<address domain='0x000' bus='LABEL_1' slot='0x00' function='0x0' />
<address type='obo' domain='0x000' bus='0x71' slot='0x01' function='0x0' />
<address domain='0x000' bus='LABEL_1' slot='0x00' function='0x1' />

问题是，当有这么多行具有重复字段时，很难将重点放在特定行上。我能够将两次grep到我想要的过滤器中，但不知道如何更改想要的字符串并保存到同一个文件中。

感谢您的指导。

Answer 1

由于它看起来像一个XML文件，因此可以使用xmllint和XPath正确完成

获取匹配节点的计数

xmllint --xpath 'count(//address[@function="0x0" and @bus="0xdt"])' test.xml

更改第一个找到的节点的值，然后使用count迭代其余节点

(printf 'cd //address[@function="0x0" and @bus="0xdt"][%d]/@busn' 1; echo -e 'set LABEL_1nsavenbye') | xmllint --shell test.xml
bus > set LABEL_1
bus > save
bus > bye

请确保备份该文件。

Answer 2

建议一行awk脚本：

awk '/address domain=/ && /bus='0xdt'/ && /function='0x0'/{sub("bus='0xdt'","bus='LABEL_1'")}1' input.txt

输出：

<address domain='0x000' bus='0x71' slot='0x00' function='0x0' />
<address domain='0x000' bus='0x71' slot='0x00' function='0x1' />
<address domain='0x000' bus='0x71' slot='0x00' function='0x2' />
<address type='obo' domain='0x000' bus='0x71' slot='0x0c' function='0x0' />
<address domain='0x000' bus='LABEL_1' slot='0x00' function='0x0' />
<address type='obo' domain='0x000' bus='0x71' slot='0x01' function='0x0' />
<address domain='0x000' bus='0xdt' slot='0x00' function='0x1' />

请注意，输出与给定的示例不匹配！！！

awk脚本说明：

/address domain=/       # for a line matching RegExp /address domain=/
&& /bus='0xdt'/         # and matching matching RegExp /bus='0xdt'/
&& /function='0x0'/ {   # and matching matching RegExp /function='0x0'/
sub("bus='0xdt'","bus='LABEL_1'"); # substitute  RegExp /bus='0xdt'/ with "bus='LABEL_1'"
}
{print} # print each line