使用Python请求将数据POST到REST API

Question

我使用FHIR REST API已经有一段时间了，但对Python没有任何经验。作为我的第一个python项目，我正在尝试创建一个简单的python脚本，可以读写到一个开放的API。我可以阅读，但由于以下原因，我无法创建成功的POST：error[TypeError("不可破解类型：dict"(]。我不完全理解python字典是如何工作的，并试图使用元组，但却出现了同样的错误。

import requests #REST Access to FHIR Server
print('Search patient by MRN to find existing appointment')
MRN = input("Enter patient's MRN -try CT12181 :")
url = 'http://hapi.fhir.org/baseR4/Patient?identifier='+MRN
print('Searching for Patient by MRN...@'+url)
response = requests.get(url)
json_response = response.json()
try:
key='entry'
EntryArray=json_response[key]
FirstEntry=EntryArray[0]
key='resource'
resource=FirstEntry['resource']
id=resource['id']
PatientServerId= id
patientName = resource['name'][0]['given'][0] + ' ' +resource['name'][0]['family']
print('Patient Found')
print('Patient Id:'+id)

#Searching for assertppointments

url='http://hapi.fhir.org/baseR4/Appointment?patient='+id #fhir server endpoint
#Print appointment data 
print('Now Searching for Appointments...@'+url)
appt_response = requests.get(url).json()
key='entry'
EntryArray=appt_response[key]
print (f'Appointment(s) found for the patient {patientName}')
for entry in EntryArray:
appt=entry['resource']
#   print('-------------------------')
#   Date=appt['start']
#   Status=appt['status'] 
#   print(appt_response)
#print ('AppointmentStartDate/Time: ' ,appt['start'])
print ('Status: ' ,appt['status'])
print ('ID: ' ,appt['id'])

print('Search for open general practice slot?')
option = input('Enter yes or no: ')
while not(option == 'yes'):
print('Please search a different paitent')
option = input('Enter yes or no: ')    
url = 'http://hapi.fhir.org/baseR4/Slot?service-type=57' #fhir server endpoint
print('Searching for General Practice Slot...@'+url)
slot_response = requests.get(url).json()
key='entry'
EntryArray=slot_response[key]
print ('Slot(s) found for the service type General Practice')
for entry in EntryArray:
slot=entry['resource']
#print('-------------------------')
#slotDate=slot['start']
#slotStatus=slot['status'] 
print (f'SlotID: ' +slot['id'])
#print (f'Status: ' +slot['status'])    
print('Book a slot?')
option = input('Enter yes or no: ')
while not(option == 'yes'):
print('Please search a different paitent')
option = input('Enter yes or no: ')
#Book slot  
slotID = input("Enter slot ID :")
url = 'http://hapi.fhir.org/baseR4/Appointment' #fhir server endpoint
print('Booking slot...@'+url)
headers = {"Content-Type": "application/fhir+json;charset=utf-8"}
data = {{"resourceType": "Appointment","status": "booked","slot": tuple({"reference":"Slot/104602"}),"participant": tuple({"actor": {"reference":"Patient/1229151","status": "accepted"}}),"reasonCode": tuple({"text": "I have a cramp"})}}
#fhir server json header content
#  headers = {"Content-Type": "application/fhir+json;charset=utf-8"}
response = requests.post(url=url,headers=headers,data=data)
print(response)
print(response.json())
except Exception as e:
print ('error' ,[e])

我期望JSON数据能够成功地写入API。我可以在Postman中使用相同的JSON数据进行调用，但我不太熟悉这在Python中应该如何工作。

Answer 1

看起来Appointment POST端点接受一个简单的有效负载，如：

{
"resourceType": "Appointment"
}

然后根据API文档返回相应的ID。

这与你在代码中尝试的不同，在代码中你试图将其他细节传递给这个端点：

ata = {{"resourceType": "Appointment","status": "booked","slot": tuple({"reference":"Slot/104602"}),"participant": tuple({"actor": {"reference":"Patient/1229151","status": "accepted"}}),"reasonCode": tuple({"text": "I have a cramp"})}}

但是，要像文档中记录的那样向端点发出POST请求，可以尝试json参数到requests.post。大致如下：

>>> import requests
>>> headers = {"Content-Type": "application/fhir+json;charset=utf-8"}
>>> json_payload = {
...   "resourceType": "Appointment"
... }
>>> url = 'http://hapi.fhir.org/baseR4/Appointment'
>>> r = requests.post(url, headers=headers, json=json_payload)
>>> r
<Response [201]>
>>> r.json()
{'resourceType': 'Appointment', 'id': '2261980', 'meta': {'versionId': '1', 'lastUpdated': '2022-03-25T23:40:42.621+00:00'}}
>>> 

如果您已经熟悉这个API，那么这也许会有所帮助。我怀疑您随后需要向另一个端点发送另一个POST或PATCH请求，使用第一个请求中返回的ID来输入相关数据。