传递嵌套数据给Django ModelSerializer

Question

我想知道如果嵌套数据的子数据本身不是模型，您将如何将嵌套数据传递给ModelSerializer。

我正在处理的数据看起来像这样:

{
'leadId': 12345,
'updateTime': 1651250096821,
'changeInfo': {
'oldstage': 'New Leads',
'newstage': 'Attempting Contact'
}
}

根据以前的经验，我知道如果我只处理leadId和updateTime，我的序列化器将是这样的:

class LogSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
leadId = serializers.IntegerField(source="lead_id")
updateTime = serializers.IntegerField(source="update_time")
class Meta:
model = Log
fields = ["leadId", "updateTime"]

那么就可以这样做:

data = {
'leadId': 12345,
'updateTime': 1651250096821
}
serializer = LogSerializer(data=data)
serializer.is_valid()
serializer.save()

如果我不想把changeInfo变成它自己的模型，有可能将字段映射到嵌套的数据吗?可能看起来像这样(但这显然不起作用):

class LogSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
leadId = serializers.IntegerField(source="lead_id")
updateTime = serializers.IntegerField(source="update_time")
oldstage = serializers.IntegerField(source="oldstage")
newstage = serializers.IntegerField(source="newstage")

class Meta:
model = Log
fields = ["leadId", "updateTime", "oldstage", "newstage]

Answer 1

您可以为您的changeInfo字段使用自定义序列化器(您不需要为此创建模型):

class ChangeInfoSerializer(serializers.Serializer):
oldstage = serializers.CharField(max_length=100, source="old_stage") # Set max_length to a value that suits your needs
newstage = serializers.CharField(max_length=100, source="new_stage")
def create(self, validated_data):
pass
def update(self, instance, validated_data):
pass

class LogSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
leadId = serializers.IntegerField(source="lead_id")
updateTime = serializers.IntegerField(source="update_time")
changeInfo = ChangeInfoSerializer(required=False) # Change to required=True if you want this field to be mandatory

class Meta:
model = Log
fields = ["leadId", "updateTime", "changeInfo"]
def create(self, validated_data):
change_info = validated_data.pop('changeInfo')
for key, value in change_info.items():
if key == "old_stage":
validated_data['old_stage'] = value
elif key == "new_stage":
validated_data['new_stage'] = value
log = Log.objects.create(**validated_data)
return log
def update(self, instance, validated_data):
change_info = validated_data.pop('changeInfo')

instance.lead_id = validated_data.get('leadId', instance.lead_id)
instance.update_time = validated_data.get('updateTime', instance.update_time)

# Here you can use change_info['oldstage'] and change_info['newstage'] if 'changeInfo' is sent (otherwise you'll get a KeyError)

instance.save()

return instance

Answer 2

正如在评论中提到的，SerializerMethodfield是一个很好的方法:

serializers.py

class LogSerializer(...):
...
changeInfo = serializers.SerializerMethodField()
def get_changeInfo(self, obj): return {
"leadId" : obj.lead_id,
"updateTime": obj.update_time
}
class Meta:
fields = ["changeInfo", ...]
...