用Python创建控制台屏幕缓冲区

Question

我用Python编写了一个3D游戏，在控制台中运行。为了防止它闪烁，我必须将要显示的内容写入ConsoleScreenBuffer。文件是这样的。我知道我必须使用：

import win32console
buffer = win32console.CreateConsoleScreenBuffer()

但是CCD_ 2的参数是什么？文件中写道：

HANDLE WINAPI CreateConsoleScreenBuffer(
_In_             DWORD                dwDesiredAccess,
_In_             DWORD                dwShareMode,
_In_opt_   const SECURITY_ATTRIBUTES *lpSecurityAttributes,
_In_             DWORD                dwFlags,
_Reserved_       LPVOID               lpScreenBufferData
);

这是C.help(win32console.CreateConsoleScreenBuffer)没有给出有用的信息。前两个参数是int；PySECURITY_ATTRIBUTES"-第三个也是int。(我想？(

CreateConsoleScreenBuffer(DesiredAccess, ShareMode, SecurityAttributes, Flags)

DesiredAccess=GENERIC_READ and GENERIC_WRITE : int
GENERIC_READ and/or GENERIC_WRITE
ShareMode=FILE_SHARE_READ and FILE_SHARE_WRITE : int
FILE_SHARE_READ and/or FILE_SHARE_WRITE
SecurityAttributes=None : PySECURITY_ATTRIBUTES
Specifies security descriptor and inheritance for handle
Flags=CONSOLE_TEXTMODE_BUFFER : int
CONSOLE_TEXTMODE_BUFFER is currently only valid flag

我没有在网上找到任何这样的例子。

如果你知道其他让控制台绘制更快的方法，请告诉我。

这是我的(不是喷气式飞机(游戏。它闪烁，因为它画得不够快。我下面的教程是用c++编写的，它使用CreateConsoleScreenBuffer来消除闪烁，因为使用它可以同时绘制所有内容，而不是依次。

import os
import time
import math
import threading

hardMap = [
["#","#","#","#","#","#","#","#","#","#","#","#","#","#","#","#"],
["#",".",".",".",".",".",".",".",".",".",".",".","#",".",".","#"],
["#",".",".",".",".",".",".",".",".",".",".",".","#",".",".","#"],
["#",".",".",".",".",".",".",".",".",".",".",".","#",".",".","#"],
["#",".",".",".",".",".",".",".",".",".",".",".","#",".",".","#"],
["#",".",".",".",".",".",".",".",".",".",".",".","#",".",".","#"],
["#",".",".",".",".",".",".",".",".",".",".",".","#",".",".","#"],
["#",".",".",".",".",".",".",".",".",".",".",".",".",".",".","#"],
["#",".",".",".",".",".",".",".",".",".",".",".",".",".",".","#"],
["#",".",".",".",".",".",".",".",".",".",".",".",".",".",".","#"],
["#",".",".",".",".",".",".",".",".",".",".",".",".",".",".","#"],
["#",".",".",".",".",".",".",".",".",".",".",".",".",".",".","#"],
["#",".",".",".",".",".",".",".",".",".",".",".",".",".",".","#"],
["#","#",".",".",".",".",".",".",".",".",".",".",".",".",".","#"],
["#","#","#",".",".",".",".",".",".",".",".",".",".",".","#","#"],
["#","#","#","#","#","#","#","#","#","#","#","#","#","#","#","#"],
]

gameMap = "".join(["".join(hardMap[n]) for n in range(len(hardMap))])
notDone = True
rotationSpeed = 0.02
playerX = 5
playerY = 5
playerA = 0
fov = 4
fov = math.pi / fov
depth = 20
fps = 30
screenWidth = 120
screenHeight = 40
os.system(f'mode con: cols={screenWidth} lines={screenHeight}')
screen = [" " for n in range(screenHeight * screenWidth)]
mapWidth = len(hardMap[0])
mapHeight = len(hardMap)

def printScreen(string):
os.system('cls')
time.sleep(0.01)
for x in [string[i:i+screenWidth] for i in range(0,len(string),screenWidth)]:
print("".join(x))

c = 0
while(notDone):
c += 1
playerA = playerA + rotationSpeed
startTime = time.time()

for x in range(screenWidth):
rayAngle = (playerA - fov / 2) + ((x / screenWidth) * fov)
distanceToWall = 0
hitWall = False
shade = " "

eyeX = math.sin(rayAngle)
eyeY = math.cos(rayAngle)
"""
with open("log.txt","a") as f:
f.write("x"+str(eyeX)+"n")
f.write("y"+str(eyeY)+"n")
f.write("h"+str(mapHeight)+"n")
f.write("w"+str(mapWidth)+"n")
f.write("n")
"""

while not hitWall and distanceToWall < depth:
distanceToWall = distanceToWall + 0.1

testX = int(playerX + eyeX * distanceToWall)
testY = int(playerY + eyeY * distanceToWall)
if testX < 0 or testX >= mapWidth or testY < 0 or testY>= mapHeight:
hitWall = True
distanceToWall = depth

elif gameMap[testY * mapWidth + testX] == "#":    
hitWall = True


ceiling = int((screenHeight / 2.0) - (screenHeight / distanceToWall))
floor = screenHeight - ceiling  
for y in range(screenHeight):



if y < ceiling:
screen[y * ceiling + x] = " "
elif y > ceiling and y <= floor:

if distanceToWall <= depth / 4: shade = u"u2588"
elif distanceToWall < depth / 3: shade = u"u2593"
elif distanceToWall < depth / 2: shade = u"u2592"
elif distanceToWall < depth / 1: shade = u"u2591"
else: shade = " "

screen[y * screenWidth + x] = shade

else:
b = 1.0 - ((y - screenHeight / 2.0) / (screenHeight/2))
if b < 0.25: shade = "#"
elif b < 0.5: shade = "X"
elif b < 0.75: shade = "."
elif b < 0.9: shade = "-"
else: shade = " "

screen[y * screenWidth + x] = shade

printScreen(screen)
"""
with open("log.txt","a") as f:
f.write(str("n".join(screen)))
f.write("nnnnnnnn")
"""
time.sleep(max(1./fps - (time.time() - startTime), 0))

Answer 1

我假设您正在学习javid/OLC的控制台FPS教程

简单的答案是：你需要win32con和win32console，下面是更好的答案。

有点晚了，但这个页面：win32console docs@Tim Golden和PyConsoleScreenBuffer Object@Tim Gold对解决这个问题非常有用。有两种方法可以做到这一点。一种使用win32console and win32con，另一种使用ANSI转义序列。实际上，您所要做的就是将光标移动到控制台上的0,0。方法一：

import win32console, win32con, time
myConsole = win32console.CreateConsoleScreenBuffer(DesiredAccess = win32con.GENERIC_READ | win32con.GENERIC_WRITE, ShareMode=0, SecurityAttributes=None, Flags=1) # create screen buffer
myConsole.SetConsoleActiveScreenBuffer() # set this buffer to be active
myConsole.WriteConsole("Hello World!") # Effectively the print func.
myConsole.WriteConsoleOutputCharacter(Characters="Hello World!", WriteCoord=win32console.PyCOORDType(5,5)) # Print at coordinates
time.sleep(3) # this must be called or you won't see results. This is because after running the code (because there is no loop) the cmd.exe takes the console over.

这在控制台FPS中应该可以正常工作(使用WriteConsoleOutputCharacter(。只需将命令放在javid放置的位置，这应该可以很好地工作。第二种方法是使用colorama/ANSI序列将光标返回到原始位置。这种方法可以概括为：os.system("echo 33[0;0H")。不能使用print函数使用转义序列，不支持它们(使用colorama除外(。这里有一个例子：

from colorama import init
from os import system
init() # I bother with this because I use colors too. Echo prints slower than print, so don't use echo if you can avoid it.
# ... game
# ... generate string to print
print(frame) # or just use you method of printing each line.
system("echo 33[0;0H") # return cursor to home position, ready for next frame.

我希望这能有所帮助！-Sky