我正在尝试创建一个简单的子弹函数，在该函数中垂直发射子弹。程序中似乎没有出现任何项目符号。如有帮助，将不胜感激。
class Bullet(pg.sprite.Sprite):
def __init__(self):
super().__init__()
pygame.sprite.Sprite.__init__(self)
self.image = pg.image.load(os.path.join(path, 'img', 'bullet.png'))
self.image = pygame.Surface([4, 10])
self.image.fill(RED)
self.rect = self.image.get_rect()
def update(self):
self.rect.y -= 5 enter code here
elif e.type == pg.KEYDOWN and e.key == pg.K_SPACE:
# Fire a bullet if the user clicks the space button
bullet = Bullet()
# Set the bullet so it is where the player is
bullet.rect.x = player.rect.x
bullet.rect.y = player.rect.y
# Add the bullet to the lists
cars_group.add(bullet)
bullet_list.add(bullet)
# Calculate mechanics for each bullet
for bullet in bullet_list:
# See if it hit a block
block_hit_list = pygame.sprite.spritecollide(bullet, cars_group, True)
# For each block hit, remove the bullet and add to the score
for block in block_hit_list:
bullet_list.remove(bullet)
cars_group.remove(bullet)
披露这不完全是我的代码
此处的完整代码：
import pygame as pg
import pygame.freetype
import random
import os
import math
os.environ['SDL_VIDEO_CENTERED'] = '1'
path = os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__))
record_file = os.path.join(path, 'Record', 'record.txt')
try:
with open(record_file, 'x') as f:
f.write(str(0))
except (BaseException, OSError):
pass
SIZE = WIDTH, HEIGHT = 800, 600
GREY = (128, 128, 128)
GREEN = (0, 128, 0)
WHITE = (200, 200, 200)
RED = (230, 0, 0)
rgb = [0, 250, 0]
block = False
pause = [False, True]
count = [0]
car_accident = 0
level = 40
start = 255
blink = 0
hit_old = None
play, out = None, None
def icon():
size, text = 32, 'u0056u004F'
sur = pg.Surface((size, size), pg.SRCALPHA)
pg.draw.circle(
sur, '#44475a59', (size // 2, size // 2), size // 2)
font_text = pg.freetype.SysFont('Arial', 16, True)
rect = font_text.get_rect(text)
x, y = (size - rect.width) // 2, (size - rect.height) // 2
font_text.render_to(sur, (x, y), text, fgcolor='#ff0000')
pg.display.set_icon(sur)
pg.init()
icon()
pg.display.set_caption('Rally')
screen = pg.display.set_mode(SIZE)
FPS = 120
clock = pg.time.Clock()
font = pygame.freetype.Font(os.path.join(path, 'font', 'seguisym.ttf'), 30)
cars = [pg.image.load(os.path.join(path, 'img', 'car1.png')),
pg.image.load(os.path.join(path, 'img', 'car2.png')),
pg.image.load(os.path.join(path, 'img', 'car3.png'))]
alarm = [pg.image.load(os.path.join(path, 'alarm', '1.png')),
pg.image.load(os.path.join(path, 'alarm', '2.png'))]
sound_car_accident = pg.mixer.Sound(os.path.join(path, 'sound', 'udar.wav'))
sound_canister = pg.mixer.Sound(os.path.join(path, 'sound', 'canister.wav'))
sound_accident = pg.mixer.Sound(os.path.join(path, 'sound', 'accident.wav'))
button_start = pg.image.load(os.path.join(path, 'img', 'btn_play.png'))
button_start_rect = button_start.get_rect(center=(WIDTH // 2, HEIGHT // 2 - 100))
button_stop = pg.image.load(os.path.join(path, 'img', 'btn_exit.png'))
button_stop_rect = button_stop.get_rect(center=(WIDTH // 2, HEIGHT // 2 + 100))
fuel_image = pg.image.load(os.path.join(path, 'img', 'fuel.png'))
canister_image = pg.image.load(os.path.join(path, 'img', 'canister.png'))
water_image = pg.image.load(os.path.join(path, 'img', 'water.png'))
bullet_image = pg.image.load(os.path.join(path, 'img', 'bullet.png'))
u1_event = pg.USEREVENT + 1
pg.time.set_timer(u1_event, random.randrange(6000, 26001, 4000))
u2_event = pg.USEREVENT + 2
pg.time.set_timer(u2_event, random.randrange(13000, 28001, 5000))
class Player(pg.sprite.Sprite):
def __init__(self):
pg.sprite.Sprite.__init__(self)
self.image = pg.image.load(os.path.join(path, 'img', 'car4.png'))
self.orig_image = self.image
self.angle = 0
self.speed = 2
self.acceleration = 0.02
self.rect = self.image.get_rect(center=(WIDTH - 20, HEIGHT - 70))
self.position = pg.math.Vector2()
self.velocity = pg.math.Vector2()
self.vx = 0 # velocity.x for speedometer
def update(self):
self.image = pg.transform.rotate(self.orig_image, self.angle)
self.position += self.velocity
self.rect = self.image.get_rect(center=self.position)
keys = pg.key.get_pressed()
if keys[pg.K_RIGHT]:
self.velocity.x = self.speed
self.angle -= 1
self.vx -= self.acceleration
if self.angle < -25:
self.angle = -25
elif keys[pg.K_LEFT]:
self.velocity.x = -self.speed
self.angle += 1
self.vx -= self.acceleration
if self.angle > 25:
self.angle = 25
else:
self.vx += self.acceleration if self.vx < 0 else 0
self.velocity.x = 0
if self.angle < 0:
self.angle += 1
elif self.angle > 0:
self.angle -= 1
if keys[pg.K_UP]:
self.velocity.y -= self.acceleration
if self.velocity.y < -self.speed:
self.velocity.y = -self.speed
elif keys[pg.K_DOWN]:
self.velocity.y += self.acceleration
if self.velocity.y > self.speed:
self.velocity.y = self.speed
else:
if self.velocity.y < 0:
self.velocity.y += self.acceleration
if self.velocity.y > 0:
self.velocity.y = 0
elif self.velocity.y > 0:
self.velocity.y -= self.acceleration
if self.velocity.y < 0:
self.velocity.y = 0
def for_speedometer(self):
if self.vx <= -0.4:
self.vx = -0.4 # left-right speedometer max
if self.velocity.y < self.vx or self.velocity.y > 0:
self.vx = self.velocity.y
if self.vx >= 1.04:
self.vx = 1.04 # speedometer min for speed=2
return self.vx
class Alarm(pg.sprite.Sprite):
def __init__(self):
pg.sprite.Sprite.__init__(self)
self.images = alarm
self.index = 0
self.range = len(self.images)
self.image = self.images[self.index]
self.rect = self.image.get_rect()
self.speed = 1
def update(self):
self.index += 0.02
self.image = self.images[int(self.index % self.range)]
self.rect.y += self.speed
if self.rect.top > HEIGHT:
self.kill()
class Car(pg.sprite.Sprite):
def __init__(self, x, y, img):
pg.sprite.Sprite.__init__(self)
if img == fuel_image:
self.image = img
self.speed = 0
elif img == canister_image or img == water_image:
self.image = img
self.speed = 1
else:
self.image = pg.transform.flip(img, False, True)
self.speed = random.randint(2, 3)
self.rect = self.image.get_rect(center=(x, y))
def update(self):
self.rect.y += self.speed
if self.rect.top >= HEIGHT:
if self is canister or self is water:
self.kill()
else:
if 40 < player.rect.centerx < WIDTH - 40
and player.rect.top < HEIGHT and player.rect.bottom > 0:
count[0] += 1
list_x.remove(self.rect.centerx)
while True:
self.rect.centerx = random.randrange(80, WIDTH, 80)
if self.rect.centerx in list_x:
continue
else:
list_x.append(self.rect.centerx)
self.speed = random.randint(2, 3)
self.rect.bottom = 0
break
class Road(pg.sprite.Sprite):
def __init__(self, x, y):
pg.sprite.Sprite.__init__(self)
self.image = pg.Surface(screen.get_size())
self.image.fill(GREY)
pg.draw.line(self.image, GREEN, (20, 0), (20, 600), 40)
pg.draw.line(self.image, GREEN, (780, 0), (780, 600), 40)
for xx in range(10):
for yy in range(10):
pg.draw.line(
self.image, WHITE,
(40 + xx * 80, 0 if xx == 0 or xx == 9 else 10 + yy * 60),
(40 + xx * 80, 600 if xx == 0 or xx == 9 else 50 + yy * 60), 5)
self.rect = self.image.get_rect(topleft=(x, y))
self.speed = 1
def update(self):
self.rect.y += self.speed
if self.rect.top >= HEIGHT:
self.rect.bottom = 0
class Volume(pg.sprite.Sprite):
def __init__(self, x, y):
pg.sprite.Sprite.__init__(self)
self.image = pg.Surface((20, 140), pg.SRCALPHA)
self.rect = self.image.get_rect(center=(x, y))
self.radius = 10
self.x = self.y = self.radius
self.color_circle = (0, 255, 0, 128)
self.color_rect = (0, 180, 0, 128)
self.color_text = (255, 255, 255)
self.alpha = 255
self.volume = 1
def update(self):
self.image.set_alpha(self.alpha)
pg.draw.rect(
self.image, self.color_rect, [0, 0, *self.rect[2:]],
border_radius=self.radius)
pg.draw.circle(self.image, self.color_circle, (self.x, self.y), self.radius)
text = str(round(self.volume * 100))
text_rect = font.get_rect(text, size=11)
font.render_to(
self.image, (self.x - text_rect[2] / 2., self.y - text_rect[3] / 2.), text,
self.color_text, rotation=0, size=11)
sp = "U0001F507" if self.volume == 0 else "U0001F508" if self.volume < 0.2
else "U0001F509" if self.volume < 0.7 else "U0001F50A"
font.render_to(
screen, (self.rect.x, self.rect.y - font.size), sp, [*WHITE, self.alpha])
def render(self, e_buttons, e_pos):
if self.rect.left < e_pos[0] < self.rect.right and
self.rect.top < e_pos[1] < self.rect.bottom and
e_buttons:
self.y = abs(self.rect.top - e_pos[1])
if self.y > self.rect.h - self.radius:
self.y = self.rect.h - self.radius
elif self.y < self.radius:
self.y = self.radius
self.volume = (100 - (self.y - self.radius) / 1.2) / 100.
sound_car_accident.set_volume(self.volume)
sound_canister.set_volume(self.volume)
sound_accident.set_volume(self.volume)
class Speedometer(pg.sprite.Sprite):
def __init__(self):
pg.sprite.Sprite.__init__(self)
w, h = 150, 150
self.radius = 140
self.image = pg.Surface((w, h), pg.SRCALPHA)
self.rect = self.image.get_rect(bottomright=(WIDTH, HEIGHT))
font.render_to(self.image, (w - 50, h - 50), 'km/h', WHITE, size=20)
for deg in range(5, 84, 6):
length = 18 if deg == 5 or deg == 23 or deg == 41 or deg == 59 or deg == 77 else 10
cos = math.cos(math.radians(deg))
sin = math.sin(math.radians(deg))
pg.draw.line(
self.image, WHITE,
(w - self.radius * cos, h - self.radius * sin),
(w - (self.radius - length) * cos, h - (self.radius - length) * sin), 2)
for value, deg in enumerate(range(9, 78, 17)):
cos = math.cos(math.radians(deg))
sin = math.sin(math.radians(deg))
font.render_to(self.image, (
round(w - (self.radius - 30) * cos), round(h - (self.radius - 30) * sin)),
str(value * 100), WHITE, size=15)
def render(self):
s = 30 - player.for_speedometer() * 25 # from 4 to 80
pg.draw.line(
screen, RED, self.rect.bottomright,
(self.rect.right - (self.radius - 10) * math.cos(math.radians(s)),
self.rect.bottom - (self.radius - 10) * math.sin(math.radians(s))), 4)
pg.draw.circle(screen, WHITE, self.rect.bottomright, 25)
vol.update()
class Bullet(pg.sprite.Sprite):
def __init__(self):
super().__init__()
pygame.sprite.Sprite.__init__(self)
self.image = pg.image.load(os.path.join(path, 'img', 'bullet.png'))
self.image = pygame.Surface([4, 10])
self.image.fill(RED)
self.rect = self.image.get_rect()
def update(self):
self.rect.y -= 5
all_sprite = pg.sprite.LayeredUpdates()
cars_group = pg.sprite.Group()
canister_group = pg.sprite.Group()
bullet_list = pg.sprite.Group()
for r in range(2):
bg = Road(x=0, y=0)
all_sprite.add(Road(0, 0 if r == 0 else -HEIGHT), layer=0)
speedometer = Speedometer()
all_sprite.add(speedometer, layer=0)
player = Player()
list_x = []
n = 0
while n < 6:
car_x = random.randrange(80, WIDTH, 80)
if car_x in list_x:
continue
else:
list_x.append(car_x)
cars_group.add(Car(car_x, random.randint(
-cars[0].get_height() * 3, -cars[0].get_height()),
cars[n] if n < 3 else random.choice(cars)))
n += 1
fuel = Car(WIDTH - 80, 40, fuel_image)
canister = Car(0, 0, canister_image)
water = Car(0, 0, water_image)
vol = Volume(20, HEIGHT - 80)
all_sprite.add(*cars_group, layer=1)
all_sprite.add(player, layer=3)
all_sprite.add(fuel, layer=4)
all_sprite.add(vol, layer=4)
def my_record():
with open(record_file, 'r+') as d:
record = d.read()
if count[0] > int(record):
record = str(count[0])
d.seek(0)
d.truncate()
d.write(record)
return record
def home_screen(b):
screen.blit(all_sprite.get_sprite(0).image, (0, 0))
screen.blit(speedometer.image, speedometer.rect)
button_start.set_alpha(start)
button_stop.set_alpha(start)
screen.blit(button_start, button_start_rect)
screen.blit(button_stop, button_stop_rect)
font.render_to(screen, (48, 10), f'Record: {rec}', [
*RED, 255 if count[0] <= record_old else 255 if int(b) % 2 else 0], size=24)
font.render_to(screen, (48, 40), f'Points: {count[0]}', RED, size=24)
font.render_to(screen, (48, 70), f'Accidents: {car_accident}', RED, size=24)
vol.update()
screen.blit(vol.image, vol.rect)
rec = my_record()
record_old = int(rec)
game = True
while game:
for e in pg.event.get():
if e.type == pg.QUIT or e.type == pg.KEYDOWN and e.key == pg.K_ESCAPE:
game = False
elif e.type == pg.KEYDOWN and e.key == pg.K_p and start == 0:
pause.reverse()
if pause[0]:
pg.mouse.set_visible(True)
vol.alpha = 255
else:
pg.mouse.set_visible(False)
vol.alpha = 0
elif e.type == pg.MOUSEMOTION and (start == 255 or pause[0]):
vol.render(e.buttons[0], e.pos)
elif e.type == pg.KEYDOWN and e.key == pg.K_SPACE:
# Fire a bullet if the user clicks the space button
bullet = Bullet()
# Set the bullet so it is where the player is
bullet.rect.x = player.rect.x
bullet.rect.y = player.rect.y
# Add the bullet to the lists
cars_group.add(bullet)
bullet_list.add(bullet)
elif e.type == pg.MOUSEBUTTONDOWN and start == 255:
if e.button == 1:
if button_start_rect.collidepoint(e.pos):
player.angle = 0
player.velocity.x, player.velocity.y = 0, 0
player.position.x, player.position.y = WIDTH - 400, HEIGHT - 70
player.update()
all_sprite.remove_sprites_of_layer(2)
water.kill()
canister.kill()
for cr in cars_group:
cr.speed = random.randint(2, 3)
cr.rect.bottom = 0
level = 40
car_accident = 0
count[0] = 0
start -= 1
record_old = int(rec)
pg.mouse.set_visible(False)
elif button_stop_rect.collidepoint(e.pos):
game = False
elif e.type == u1_event and not pause[0] and not all_sprite.has(water): # water.alive():
all_sprite.add(water, layer=0)
water.rect.center =
random.randrange(80, WIDTH, 80), -water.rect.h
timer1 = random.randrange(6000, 26001, 4000)
pg.time.set_timer(u1_event, timer1)
elif e.type == u2_event and not pause[0] and not canister_group.has(canister):
canister_group.add(canister)
all_sprite.add(canister, layer=0)
canister.rect.center =
random.randrange(80, WIDTH, 80), -canister.rect.h
timer2 = random.randrange(13000, 28001, 5000)
pg.time.set_timer(u2_event, timer2)
# Calculate mechanics for each bullet
for bullet in bullet_list:
# See if it hit a block
block_hit_list = pygame.sprite.spritecollide(bullet, cars_group, True)
# For each block hit, remove the bullet and add to the score
for block in block_hit_list:
bullet_list.remove(bullet)
cars_group.remove(bullet)
hit = pg.sprite.spritecollideany(player, cars_group) # hit -> sprite car
if hit and hit.speed != 1:
player.position.x += 50 * random.randrange(-1, 2, 2)
player.angle = 50 * random.randrange(-1, 2, 2)
hit.speed = 1
car_alarm = Alarm()
all_sprite.add(car_alarm, layer=2)
car_alarm.rect.center = hit.rect.center
car_accident += 1
if car_accident > 10:
car_accident = 10
sound_car_accident.play()
if pg.sprite.spritecollide(player, canister_group, True):
level = 40
sound_canister.play()
if pg.sprite.collide_rect(player, water):
if not block:
player.angle = random.randint(60, 90) * random.randrange(-1, 2, 2)
sound_accident.play()
block = True
else:
block = False
if start > 0:
home_screen(blink)
blink = 0 if blink > 99 else blink + .02
if start != 255:
start -= 1
vol.alpha = start
else:
if not pause[0]:
level -= .01
if level < 0 or car_accident > 9:
rec = my_record()
pg.mouse.set_visible(True)
vol.alpha = start
elif level < 10:
rgb[:2] = 250, 0
elif level < 20:
rgb[0] = 250
else:
rgb[:2] = 0, 250
all_sprite.update()
else:
vol.update()
all_sprite.draw(screen)
pg.draw.rect(
screen, rgb,
(fuel.rect.left + 10, fuel.rect.bottom - level - 8, 21, level))
font.render_to(screen, (48, 10), f'accidents: {car_accident}', GREEN, size=24)
font.render_to(screen, (48, HEIGHT - 30), f'{count[0]}', GREEN, size=24)
speedometer.render() # speedometer
pg.display.update()
clock.tick(FPS)
pg.display.set_caption(f'Rally FPS: {int(clock.get_fps())}')
pygame.quit()
# pg.image.save(screen, 'road.jpg')
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您正在绘制all_sprites组中的所有精灵：
all_sprite.draw(screen)
但是，项目符号不在此组中。将项目符号添加到all_sprites组中，或绘制包含在bullet_list中的精灵。
任一
elif e.type == pg.KEYDOWN and e.key == pg.K_SPACE:
# [...]
bullet_list.add(bullet)
bullet_list.draw(screen)
或
bullet_list.draw(screen)
使用kill():从所有组中删除项目符号
for bullet in bullet_list:
# See if it hit a block
block_hit_list = pygame.sprite.spritecollide(bullet, cars_group, True)
# For each block hit, remove the bullet and add to the score
for block in block_hit_list:
bullet.kill()