我正试图将传单导入到支持typescript的javascript模块中，但无法使其工作。
我已经安装了@types/follower，并尝试了以下操作：import 'https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/leaflet/1.8.0/leaflet.js'
这在浏览器中运行良好，但typescript给出了以下错误：'L' refers to a UMD global, but the current file is a module. Consider adding an import instead.ts(2686)
(我在代码中调用L.map())
我还尝试过：import * as L from 'https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/leaflet/1.8.0/leaflet.js'
这在typescript中运行良好，但在chrome中出现以下错误：Uncaught TypeError: L.map is not a function
有人知道怎么解决这个问题吗
我不想使用打包器。
编辑正如jsejcksn在评论中建议的那样，导入传单的ES模块版本并向typescript添加路径别名解决了这个问题。我现在使用以下导入：import * as L from 'https://unpkg.com/leaflet@1.8.0/dist/leaflet-src.esm.js'
但是，正如传单的下载页面上所述，这个问题是导入传单的源文件，包括单元测试、调试文件、构建脚本等。这对我来说似乎不是很有效。
还有其他想法吗？
编辑2传单1.9发布后似乎可以解决我的问题。此拉取请求将ES模块入口点添加到传单中，这意味着您可以执行以下操作：import L from 'leaflet'
或在我们的情况下：import L from 'cdn.com/link/to/leaflet/1.9/esm'
同时，jsejcksn的答案提供了一个很好的选择，所以我会接受这个答案。
前言
我已经写了一个关于如何使用ES模块的答案，问题是如何在typescript项目的客户端包括模块？。一定要通读这个问题，并根据上下文回答。
你说：
我不想使用打包程序。
以及：
正如传单的下载页面上所说，这个问题是导入传单的源文件，包括单元测试、调试文件、构建脚本等。这对我来说似乎不是很有效。
这些想法在我看来似乎不一致。如果没有更多信息，我只能假设；效率不是很高"；你的意思是，可能没有树动摇的ES模块的字节大小大于UMD模块。如果是这样的话，为什么不直接将传单导入到您的捆绑包中，然后树抖掉您在构建过程中不使用的所有部分，从而产生比UMD更少的字节呢？
现在忽略这一点，并纯粹响应您所陈述的标准，下面我将提供一个自包含的、可复制的示例，演示如何使用CDN托管的UMD模块，该模块在TypeScript ES模块中具有相应的@types包，而无需在编译器中扩充globalThis.window的定义，也无需绑定。
请注意，我展示的一些内容将纯粹是仪式性的，但该技术将允许您稍后在找到适合您的CDN ES模块URL时，将导入映射中的填充模块URL替换为CDN ES模块。
下载本例中的文件
我将在这里提供一个完整的可复制示例，包括代码块中每个文件的所有内容。如果你想使用这个例子来复制它，并且不想将每个单独的代码块复制+粘贴到设备上具有匹配名称的新文件中，那么你可以复制+粘贴以下脚本，并在浏览器控制台中运行它，以将repo下载为zip存档文件：
function download (data, fileName, mediaType) {
const a = document.createElement('a');
const blob = new Blob([data], mediaType ? {type: mediaType} : undefined);
const url = URL.createObjectURL(blob);
a.href = url;
a.download = fileName;
a.click();
a.remove();
// URL.revokeObjectURL(url);
}
download(
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"so-73091042.zip",
"application/zip",
);
示例
本例将使用./public目录中的静态文件服务器，入口点html文件如下：
./public/index.html:
<!doctype html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8" />
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1" />
<title>Stack Overflow 73091042</title>
<!-- First, define an import map for the "leaflet" module specifier
which points to the UMD-to-ESM shim module: -->
<script type="importmap">
{
"imports": {
"leaflet": "/leaflet_umd_shim.js"
}
}
</script>
<!-- Then, import the entrypoint module: -->
<script type="module" src="/main.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
<h1>See console output</h1>
</body>
</html>
如果你不熟悉的话，除了导入映射之外，没有什么特别的：WICG/import映射：如何控制JavaScript导入的行为
接下来，./src目录中有两个TypeScript源文件，它们在编译过程中被转换为JavaScript并复制到./public目录中。
第一个是垫片：
./src/leaflet_umd_shim.ts:
// Creates a proxy to the UMD Leaflet object `window.L` as a type-safe ESM export
/*
This loads (and executes) the UMD Leaflet script the first time that
this module is imported into the module graph, which assigns
the UMD Leaflet object to `window.L`. This is scope pollution, and is
one of the things that ES modules avoid, but is necessary here because
you expressed dissatisfaction at the available Leaflet ES module options
at existing CDN URLs.
This proxy technique "works" well here because Leaflet
is an object export/namspace and is documented to be used this way. However,
note that — for other modules which provide multiple exports that are
intended to be imported individually by name — this technique wouldn't be
a good fit because it requires the entire UMD module to be made available
on a single (named) export. (Note that the default export is just a named export
using the name "default").
*/
import 'https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/leaflet/1.8.0/leaflet.js';
import type * as Leaflet from 'leaflet';
const {L} = window as unknown as { L: typeof Leaflet };
// Same as `export {L as default}`:
export default L;
导入映射中的"leaflet"导入说明符绑定到此文件在编译期间生成的JavaScript模块的位置。
该说明符用于入口点模块：
./src/main.ts:
/*
(Reference comments in "leaflet_umd_shim.ts" for context)
Example of non-working named import:
import {tileLayer} from 'leaflet';
It would throw the following runtime exception:
"Uncaught SyntaxError: The requested module 'leaflet' does not provide
an export named 'tileLayer'"
This technique requires importing the entire UMD module on a name (even if that
name is "default"):
*/
// Same as `import {default as L} from 'leaflet'`:
import L from 'leaflet';
const a = L.latLng(50.5, 30.5);
const b = L.latLng(51.5, 30.5);
const distance = a.distanceTo(b);
console.log({a, b, distance}); /* Prints the following:
{
"a": {
"lat": 50.5,
"lng": 30.5
},
"b": {
"lat": 51.5,
"lng": 30.5
},
"distance": 111194.92664455874
}
*/
当您在本地http服务器上为该网站提供服务并访问HTML文件时，主模块将使用传单中的方法执行该信息并将其打印到控制台，以创建记录的数据，从而证明该技术是有效的。
这是我的TSConfig:
./tsconfig.json:
{
"compilerOptions": {
// Strict options (This is TS: type safety is important)
"exactOptionalPropertyTypes": true,
"isolatedModules": true,
"noUncheckedIndexedAccess": true,
"strict": true,
"useUnknownInCatchVariables": true,
// ESM
"esModuleInterop": true,
"module": "esnext",
"moduleResolution": "nodenext",
"lib": [
"esnext", // Latest ES syntax features
"dom", // Browser runtime environmnt
"dom.iterable" // Browser runtime environmnt
],
"target": "esnext", // Adjust this to your browser target needs
"outDir": "public", // Directory from which the site will be served
// Path mapping
// Ref: https://www.typescriptlang.org/docs/handbook/module-resolution.html#path-mapping
"baseUrl": ".",
"paths": {
"leaflet": ["node_modules/@types/leaflet"]
},
// Optional settings
"removeComments": true
},
"include": ["src/**/*"]
}
最后，这里是npm包文件：
./package.json:
{
"name": "so-73091042",
"version": "0.1.0",
"type": "module",
"scripts": {
"compile": "tsc",
"serve": "static --port=8000 --cache=false public"
},
"license": "MIT",
"devDependencies": {
"@types/leaflet": "^1.7.11",
"node-static": "^0.7.11",
"typescript": "^4.7.4"
},
"volta": {
"node": "16.16.0"
}
}
您可以忽略volta属性：它只是显示我在使用Volta和创建此存储库示例时安装的Node版本。
node-static依赖项是Node.js官方网站在文章《如何服务静态文件|Node.js.》中推荐的用于服务静态文件的包
首先使用npm install安装依赖项：
% npm install
added 9 packages, and audited 10 packages in 4s
然后，要编译TS文件并发出它们，请使用npm run compile:
% npm run compile
> so-73091042@0.1.0 compile
> tsc
编译后，./public目录中现在应该有两个新文件：
./public/leaflet_umd_shim.js:
import 'https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/leaflet/1.8.0/leaflet.js';
const { L } = window;
export default L;
./public/main.js:
import L from 'leaflet';
const a = L.latLng(50.5, 30.5);
const b = L.latLng(51.5, 30.5);
const distance = a.distanceTo(b);
console.log({ a, b, distance });
现在一切都准备好由静态文件服务器提供服务了，所以使用命令npm run serve:
% npm run serve
> so-73091042@0.1.0 serve
> static --port=8000 --cache=false public
serving "public" at http://127.0.0.1:8000
如果导航到http://127.0.0.1:8000在您的浏览器中(这与http://localhost:8000)，您将看到带有文本"的索引页；参见控制台输出"；，如果你查看浏览器的JS控制台，你会看到main.js模块中记录到控制台的对象数据的表示。
当您准备停止服务器时，只需在终端中使用ctrl+c
就这样！