我想直接开门见山，所以我会先问我所有的问题。
- 在Class Win1中，我有一个组合框，我的问题是：是否有可能将条目/所选符号定义为变量，是否有可能在不重新定义类的情况下将变量定义为全局
这是我的第二个问题，目前不如第一个问题重要。
- 当此代码运行时，首先显示一个窗口，然后显示第二个窗口，依此类推。当将此代码转换为软件/app/…时。。。，然后软件会显示一个窗口而不是第二个窗口，还是所有的东西都在一个窗口中
import math
import matplotlib
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from matplotlib.backends.backend_tkagg import FigureCanvasTkAgg
from matplotlib.figure import Figure
matplotlib.use('TkAgg')
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
import tkinter
import tkinter as tk
from tkinter import ttk
import tkinter.font as tkFont
import tkinter.ttk as ttk
from tkinter import *
from tkinter.ttk import Combobox
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
import numpy as np
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
import pandas as pd
from pandas import DataFrame
from pandas.compat import StringIO
from pandas_datareader import data as web
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
import yfinance as yf
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
from statistics import mean
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
import requests
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
import time
from datetime import datetime
from datetime import date
from datetime import timedelta
import calendar
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
import random
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
from alpha_vantage.timeseries import TimeSeries
from alpha_vantage.techindicators import TechIndicators
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
import sys
from matplotlib.backends.backend_tkagg import (FigureCanvasTkAgg, NavigationToolbar2Tk)
# Implement the default Matplotlib key bindings.
from matplotlib.backend_bases import key_press_handler
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#symbol = 'TSLA'
global_symbol = ""#None
#combobox = ""
def onSymbolSelected(self,event = None):
global global_symbol
global_symbol = self.combobox.get() # this assume combo is a property of Win1
def config_plot():
fig, ax = plt.subplots()
return(fig, ax)
class Win1:
def __init__(self, master):
self.master = master
self.master.geometry("400x400")
self.frame = tk.Frame(self.master)
#symbol = Entry(root, text ='', bd=5)
#userInput1 = StringVar(None)
#self.master = Entry(root, textvariable=userInput1)
#self.master.pack()
SMI = ['ROG.SW','NOVN.SW','NESN.SW','SRAIL.SW','ABB','ADEN.SW','ALC.SW','CSGN.SW','GEBN.SW','GIVN.SW',
'LONN.SW','CFR.SW','SIKA.SW','UHR.SW','SLHN.SW','SREN.SW','SCMN.SW','UBSG.SW','ZURN.SW']
SMI.sort()
NYSE = ['NYSE:MMM','NYSE:AXP','NYSE:AAPL','NYSE:BA','NYSE:CAT','NYSE:CVX','NYSE:CSCO','NYSE:KO','NYSE:DOW','NYSE:XOM',
'NYSE:GS','NYSE:HD','NYSE:IBM','NYSE:INTC','NSYE:JNJ','NYSE:JPM','NYSE:MCD','NYSE:MRK','NYSE:MSFT','NYSE:NKE',
'NYSE:PFE','NYSE:PG','NYSE:RTX','NYSE:TRV','NYSE:UNH','NYSE:VZ','NYSE:V','NYSE:WMT','NYSE:WBA','NYSE:DIS']
NYSE.sort()
DAX = ['ETR:ADS','ETR:ALV','ETR:BAS','ETR:BAYN','ETR:BEI','ETR:BMW','ETR:CON','ETR:1COV','ETR:DAI','ETR:DBK',
'ETR:LHA','ETR:DPW','ETR:DTE','ETR:EOAN','ETR:FRE','ETR:FME','ETR:HEI','ETR:HEN3','ETR:IFX','ETR:MTX',
'ETR:MUV2','ETR:RWE','ETR:SAP','ETR:SIE','ETR:VOW3','ETR:VNA','ETR:WDI']
DAX.sort()
Stockxx = []
Stockxx.sort()
symbol = ['ROG.SW','SMI','NYSE','DAX','Stockxx']
symbol.sort()
#symbol.current()
#root= Tk()
self.combobox = StringVar()
self.combobox = ttk.Combobox(master, values = symbol)
#def onSymbolSelected(self, Event = None):
# global global_symbol
# global_symbol = self.combobox.get()
self.combobox.bind("<<ComboboxSelected>>", onSymbolSelected)#onSymbolSelected)
#cb = ttk.Combobox(master, values = symbol)
#print(var)
# note that this is the StringVar ICUS, not the combobox ICUSTOMER.
#label_var = tk.Label( textvariable= var)
#print(label_var)
#label_ICustVar.grid(row = 3, column = 3)
self.combobox.place(x=100, y=50)
button1 = Button(root, text="Click Here", fg = 'blue', width=20, command = lambda: self.new_window("2", Win2))
button1.pack(side='bottom',padx=15,pady=15)
# this assume combo is a property of Win1
#self.butnew("Hauptfunktionen", "2", Win2)
#self.butnew("Weitere Funktionen", "3", Win3)
self.quit = tk.Button(self.frame, text = f"Close this window", command = self.close_window)
self.quit.pack()
self.frame.pack()
print(symbol,"asfjöasldkjflödas")
print(global_symbol,"ioöbajbo")
def close_window(self):
self.master.destroy()
#def onSymbolSelected(self,event = None):
# global global_symbol
# global_symbol = self.combo.get() # this assume combo is a property of Win1
def butnew(self, text, number, _class):
tk.Button(self.frame, text = text, command= lambda: self.new_window(number, _class)).pack(side='left')
def new_window(self, number, _class):
self.new = tk.Toplevel(self.master)
_class(self.new, number)
class Win2:
def __init__(self, master, number):
self.master = master
self.master.geometry("1080x540")
self.frame = tk.Frame(self.master)
self.frame = Frame(self.master)
self.fig, self.ax = config_plot()
self.graphIndex = 0
self.canvas = FigureCanvasTkAgg(self.fig, self.master)
self.config_window()
self.quit = tk.Button(self.frame, text = f"Close this window", command = self.close_window)
self.quit.pack(side=LEFT)
self.draw_graph_one()
self.butnew("Weitere Funktionen", "3", Win3)
self.frame.pack(expand=YES, fill=BOTH)
def butnew(self, text, number, _class):
tk.Button(self.frame, text = text, command= lambda: self.new_window(number, _class)).pack(side='left')
def new_window(self, number, _class):
self.new = tk.Toplevel(self.master)
_class(self.new, number)
def draw_graph_one(self):
ts = TimeSeries(key='YOUR_API_KEY',output_format='pandas')
data1, meta_data1 = ts.get_monthly(symbol=global_symbol)
df1 = data1['4. close']
self.ax.clear()
self.ax.plot(df1)
self.ax.set(title='Historical Chart')
self.canvas.draw()
#------------------------------------------------------------------------fertig
def draw_graph_two(self):
ts = TimeSeries(key='YOUR_API_KEY',output_format='pandas')
data2, meta_data2 = ts.get_intraday(symbol=global_symbol, interval='1min', outputsize='compact')
df2 = data2['4. close']
self.ax.clear()
self.ax.plot(df2)
self.ax.set(title='Intraday')
self.canvas.draw()
#------------------------------------------------------------------------fertig
def draw_graph_three(self):
ti = TechIndicators(key='YOUR_API_KEY',output_format='pandas')
data3, meta_data3 = ti.get_bbands(symbol=global_symbol, interval='15min', time_period=30)
df3 = data3
ts = TimeSeries(key='YOUR_API_KEY',output_format='pandas')
data2, meta_data2 = ts.get_intraday(symbol=global_symbol, interval='15min', outputsize='full')
df2 = data2['4. close']
self.ax.clear()
self.ax.plot(df2, linestyle='-.')
self.ax.plot(df3)
self.ax.set(title='Bollinger Bands')
self.canvas.draw()
#------------------------------------------------------------------------fertig
def draw_graph_four(self):
ti = TechIndicators(key='YOUR_API_KEY',output_format='pandas')
data44, meta_data44 = ti.get_sma(symbol=global_symbol, interval='30min', time_period=60)
df44 = data44
ts = TimeSeries(key='YOUR_API_KEY',output_format='pandas')
data1, meta_data1 = ts.get_intraday(symbol=global_symbol, interval='30min', outputsize='full')
df1 = data1['4. close']
self.ax.clear()
self.ax.plot(df1)#, color='yellow')
self.ax.plot(df44)#, color='black')
self.ax.set(title='Simple Moving Average')
self.canvas.draw()
#------------------------------------------------------------------------fertig
def draw_graph_five(self):
ts = TimeSeries(key='YOUR_API_KEY',output_format='pandas')
data1, meta_data1 = ts.get_monthly(symbol=global_symbol)#, interval='1min', outputsize='full')
df1 = data1['4. close']
ts = TimeSeries(key='YOUR_API_KEY',output_format='pandas')
dataG, meta_dataG = ts.get_monthly(symbol='UCITS ETF')#, interval='1min', outputsize='full')
dG = dataG['4. close']
self.ax.clear()
self.ax.plot(df1)
self.ax.plot(dG)
self.ax.set(title='Comparision with Global Index')
self.canvas.draw()
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
def draw_graph_six(self):
ti = TechIndicators(key='YOUR_API_KEY',output_format='pandas')
data23, meta_data23 = ti.get_cci(symbol=global_symbol, interval='30min', time_period=60)
df23 = data23
self.ax.clear()
self.ax.plot(df23)
self.ax.set(title='Commodity Channel Index')
self.canvas.draw()
#------------------------------------------------------------------------fertig
def draw_graph_seven(self):
ti = TechIndicators(key='YOUR_API_KEY',output_format='pandas')
data13, meta_data23 = ti.get_dx(symbol=global_symbol, interval='30min', time_period=60)
df13 = data13
self.ax.clear()
self.ax.plot(df13)
self.ax.set(title='Directional Movement Index')
self.canvas.draw()
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
def draw_graph_eight(self):
self.ax.clear()
self.ax.plot()
self.ax.set(title='Further Information')
self.canvas.draw()
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
def draw_graph_nine(self):
self.ax.clear()
self.ax.plot()
self.ax.set(title='Further Information')
self.canvas.draw()
def on_key_press(event):
print("you pressed {}".format(event.key))
key_press_handler(event, self.canvas, toolbar)
def config_window(self):
self.canvas.mpl_connect("key_press_event", self.on_key_press)
toolbar = NavigationToolbar2Tk(self.canvas, self.master)
toolbar.update()
self.canvas.get_tk_widget().pack(side=TOP, fill=BOTH, expand=1)
self.button_switch1 = Button(self.master, text="Historical Chart", command=self.draw_graph_one)
self.button_switch1.pack(side=LEFT)
self.button_switch2 = Button(self.master, text="Intraday", command=self.draw_graph_two)
self.button_switch2.pack(side=LEFT)
self.button_switch3 = Button(self.master, text="Bollinger Bands", command=self.draw_graph_three)
self.button_switch3.pack(side=LEFT)
self.button_switch4 = Button(self.master, text="SMA", command=self.draw_graph_four)
self.button_switch4.pack(side=LEFT)
self.button_switch5 = Button(self.master, text="Comparison with Index", command=self.draw_graph_five)
self.button_switch5.pack(side=LEFT)
self.button_switch6 = Button(self.master, text="CCI", command=self.draw_graph_six)
self.button_switch6.pack(side=LEFT)
self.button_switch7 = Button(self.master, text="DX", command=self.draw_graph_seven)
self.button_switch7.pack(side=LEFT)
self.button_switch8 = Button(self.master, text="Technical Analysis", command=self.draw_graph_eight)
self.button_switch8.pack(side=LEFT)
self.button_switch9 = Button(self.master, text="Technical Analysis", command=self.draw_graph_nine)
self.button_switch9.pack(side=LEFT)
def close_window(self):
self.master.destroy()
class Win3:
def __init__(self, master, number):
self.master = master
self.master.geometry("1080x540")
self.frame = tk.Frame(self.master)
#self.frame = Frame(self.master)
self.fig, self.ax = config_plot()
self.graphIndex = 0
self.canvas = FigureCanvasTkAgg(self.fig, self.master)
self.config_window()
self.quit = tk.Button(self.frame, text = f"Close this window", command = self.close_window)
self.quit.pack(side=LEFT)
self.frame.pack(expand=YES, fill=BOTH)
def on_key_press(event):
print("you pressed {}".format(event.key))
key_press_handler(event, self.canvas, toolbar)
def config_window(self):
self.canvas.mpl_connect("key_press_event", self.on_key_press)
toolbar = NavigationToolbar2Tk(self.canvas, self.master)
toolbar.update()
self.canvas.get_tk_widget().pack(side=TOP, fill=BOTH, expand=1)
def close_window(self):
f.master.destroy()
root = tk.Tk()
app = Win1(root)
root.mainloop()
很抱歉问了这么多问题，不幸的是，我没有完全理解上一个问题的答案。非常感谢你的帮助。好的，所以我没有打开一个新的线程，而是决定直接在这里扩展我的程序，因为我的新问题是基于旧问题的。所以我改变了程序，但我的程序并没有完全起作用。问题是global_symbol不会改变它的值，我不明白问题出在哪里，我尝试了很多方法(留下一些行、添加等(，但都没有真正奏效。你们中有人知道问题出在哪里吗
对于问题1/你能做的(最坏的情况(是在你的组合框中添加一个回调。此回调可以更新"全局变量">
组合框上的回调设置：
self.combo = ttk.Combobox(master, values = symbol)
self.combo.bind("<<ComboboxSelected>>", onSymbolSelected)
Win1 之外的符号声明
global_symbol = None
Win1 中的回调实现
def onSymbolSelected(self,event = None)
global global_symbol
global_symbol = self.combo.get() # this assume combo is a property of Win1