fsanitize=未定义导致链接器错误

我正试图使用conda g++编译器使用-fsanitize=undefined编译一个程序。我遇到"__ubsan_handle_type_mismatch"链接器错误。我在编译和链接中使用了标志，如所示

使用GCC未定义行为消毒器

包括在链接末尾添加-lubsan和编译命令，我知道这是不推荐的，但我没有成功。我还确保我的LD_LIBRARY_PATH是空的，这样就不会有任何来自该方面的问题。

下面是一个最小的示例问题，包括我的python环境的配置

车辆.h

#include<string>
#include<memory>
#ifndef VEHICLES
#define VEHICLES
class vehicle{
public:
vehicle( );
std::shared_ptr< vehicle > buildVehicle( const std::string & _type );
protected:
std::string type;
unsigned int wheel_count;
};
class truck : public vehicle{
public:
truck( );
};
#endif

车辆.cpp

#include "vehicles.h"
vehicle::vehicle( ){
return;
}
std::shared_ptr< vehicle > vehicle::buildVehicle( const std::string &_type ){
if ( _type.compare( "truck" ) ){
return std::make_shared< vehicle >( );
}
return NULL;
}
truck::truck( ){
type = "truck";
wheel_count = 4;
}

test.cpp

#include "vehicles.h"
#include<iostream>
int main( ){
//Build a truck
std::shared_ptr< vehicle > truck = vehicle( ).buildVehicle( "truck" );
std::cout << "Built a truckn";
}

生成文件

EXECUTABLE = eval
OBJECTS = test.o vehicles.o
INCS = -I. -I/home/nathan/anaconda3/include
LIBS = -L/home/nathan/anaconda3/lib
FLAGS = -fsanitize=address -fsanitize=undefined -fno-sanitize=vptr
eval: $(OBJECTS)
$(CXX) $(INCS) $(LIBS) -o $@ $^ $(FLAGS)
test.o: test.cpp vehicles.h
$(CXX) $(INCS) $(LIBS) -c $< $(FLAGS)
vehicles.o: vehicles.cpp vehicles.h
$(CXX) $(INCS) $(LIBS) -c $< $(FLAGS)
clean:
rm -f $(EXECUTABLE)
rm -f $(OBJECTS)
.PHONY: all clean

我的conda环境YAML文件是：

name: compile
channels:
- anaconda
- conda-forge
- defaults
dependencies:
- _libgcc_mutex=0.1=conda_forge
- _openmp_mutex=4.5=1_gnu
- binutils=2.32=he1b5a44_3
- binutils_impl_linux-64=2.31.1=h7fc9f1b_5
- binutils_linux-64=2.31.1=h6176602_9
- bzip2=1.0.8=h516909a_3
- c-ares=1.16.1=h516909a_3
- c-compiler=1.1.1=h516909a_0
- ca-certificates=2020.6.20=hecda079_0
- certifi=2020.6.20=py38h32f6830_0
- cmake=3.18.2=h5c55442_0
- cxx-compiler=1.1.1=hc9558a2_0
- expat=2.2.9=he1b5a44_2
- gcc_impl_linux-64=7.3.0=habb00fd_1
- gcc_linux-64=7.3.0=h553295d_9
- gxx_impl_linux-64=7.3.0=hdf63c60_1
- gxx_linux-64=7.3.0=h553295d_9
- hdf5=1.12.0=nompi_h54c07f9_101
- icu=67.1=he1b5a44_0
- jpeg=9d=h516909a_0
- krb5=1.17.1=hfafb76e_3
- ld_impl_linux-64=2.34=h53a641e_7
- libcurl=7.71.1=hcdd3856_5
- libedit=3.1.20191231=he28a2e2_2
- libev=4.33=h516909a_1
- libffi=3.2.1=he1b5a44_1007
- libgcc-ng=9.3.0=h24d8f2e_16
- libgfortran-ng=7.5.0=hdf63c60_16
- libgomp=9.3.0=h24d8f2e_16
- libiconv=1.16=h516909a_0
- libnghttp2=1.41.0=h8cfc5f6_2
- libssh2=1.9.0=hab1572f_5
- libstdcxx-ng=9.3.0=hdf63c60_16
- libtiff=4.1.0=h2733197_1
- libuv=1.39.0=h516909a_0
- libxml2=2.9.10=h68273f3_2
- lz4-c=1.9.2=he1b5a44_3
- ncurses=6.2=he1b5a44_1
- openssl=1.1.1g=h516909a_1
- pcre=8.44=he1b5a44_0
- pip=20.2.3=py_0
- python=3.8.5=h1103e12_7_cpython
- python_abi=3.8=1_cp38
- readline=8.0=he28a2e2_2
- rhash=1.3.6=h14c3975_1001
- setuptools=49.6.0=py38h32f6830_0
- sqlite=3.33.0=h4cf870e_0
- swig=4.0.2=he1b5a44_0
- tk=8.6.10=hed695b0_0
- wheel=0.35.1=pyh9f0ad1d_0
- xz=5.2.5=h516909a_1
- zlib=1.2.11=h516909a_1009
- zstd=1.4.4=h6597ccf_3
prefix: /home/nathan/anaconda3/envs/compile

make的结果是：

/home/nathan/anaconda3/envs/compile/bin/x86_64-conda_cos6-linux-gnu-c++ -I. -I/home/nathan/anaconda3/include -L/home/nathan/anaconda3/lib -c test.cpp -fsanitize=address -fsanitize=undefined -fno-sanitize=vptr
/home/nathan/anaconda3/envs/compile/bin/x86_64-conda_cos6-linux-gnu-c++ -I. -I/home/nathan/anaconda3/include -L/home/nathan/anaconda3/lib -c vehicles.cpp -fsanitize=address -fsanitize=undefined -fno-sanitize=vptr
/home/nathan/anaconda3/envs/compile/bin/x86_64-conda_cos6-linux-gnu-c++ -I. -I/home/nathan/anaconda3/include -L/home/nathan/anaconda3/lib -o eval test.o vehicles.o -fsanitize=address -fsanitize=undefined -fno-sanitize=vptr
/home/nathan/anaconda3/envs/compile/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-conda_cos6-linux-gnu/7.3.0/../../../../x86_64-conda_cos6-linux-gnu/bin/ld: test.o: in function `__gnu_cxx::__exchange_and_add_single(int*, int)':
test.cpp:(.text+0xa8): undefined reference to `__ubsan_handle_type_mismatch'
/home/nathan/anaconda3/envs/compile/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-conda_cos6-linux-gnu/7.3.0/../../../../x86_64-conda_cos6-linux-gnu/bin/ld: test.cpp:(.text+0x10d): undefined reference to `__ubsan_handle_type_mismatch'
/home/nathan/anaconda3/envs/compile/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-conda_cos6-linux-gnu/7.3.0/../../../../x86_64-conda_cos6-linux-gnu/bin/ld: test.cpp:(.text+0x158): undefined reference to `__ubsan_handle_type_mismatch'
/home/nathan/anaconda3/envs/compile/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-conda_cos6-linux-gnu/7.3.0/../../../../x86_64-conda_cos6-linux-gnu/bin/ld: test.o: in function `main':
test.cpp:(.text+0x2d4): undefined reference to `__ubsan_handle_type_mismatch'
/home/nathan/anaconda3/envs/compile/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-conda_cos6-linux-gnu/7.3.0/../../../../x86_64-conda_cos6-linux-gnu/bin/ld: test.o: in function `vehicle::~vehicle()':
test.cpp:(.text._ZN7vehicleD2Ev[_ZN7vehicleD5Ev]+0x2f): undefined reference to `__ubsan_handle_type_mismatch'
/home/nathan/anaconda3/envs/compile/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-conda_cos6-linux-gnu/7.3.0/../../../../x86_64-conda_cos6-linux-gnu/bin/ld: test.o:test.cpp:(.text._ZN7vehicleD2Ev[_ZN7vehicleD5Ev]+0x5c): more undefined references to `__ubsan_handle_type_mismatch' follow
collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status
makefile:8: recipe for target 'eval' failed
make: *** [eval] Error 1

编辑：使用详细链接器重新运行

/home/nathan/anaconda3/envs/compile/bin/x86_64-conda_cos6-linux-gnu-c++ -I. -I/home/nathan/anaconda3/include -L/home/nathan/anaconda3/lib -c test.cpp -fsanitize=address -fsanitize=undefined -fno-sanitize=vptr
/home/nathan/anaconda3/envs/compile/bin/x86_64-conda_cos6-linux-gnu-c++ -I. -I/home/nathan/anaconda3/include -L/home/nathan/anaconda3/lib -c vehicles.cpp -fsanitize=address -fsanitize=undefined -fno-sanitize=vptr
/home/nathan/anaconda3/envs/compile/bin/x86_64-conda_cos6-linux-gnu-c++ -I. -I/home/nathan/anaconda3/include -L/home/nathan/anaconda3/lib -v -o eval test.o vehicles.o -fsanitize=address -fsanitize=undefined -fno-sanitize=vptr
Reading specs from /home/nathan/anaconda3/envs/compile/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-conda_cos6-linux-gnu/7.3.0/specs
COLLECT_GCC=/home/nathan/anaconda3/envs/compile/bin/x86_64-conda_cos6-linux-gnu-c++
COLLECT_LTO_WRAPPER=/home/nathan/anaconda3/envs/compile/bin/../libexec/gcc/x86_64-conda_cos6-linux-gnu/7.3.0/lto-wrapper
Target: x86_64-conda_cos6-linux-gnu
Configured with: /home/rdonnelly/mc/conda-bld/compilers_linux-64_1534865402226/work/.build/x86_64-conda_cos6-linux-gnu/src/gcc/configure --build=x86_64-build_pc-linux-gnu --host=x86_64-build_pc-linux-gnu --target=x86_64-conda_cos6-linux-gnu --prefix=/home/rdonnelly/mc/conda-bld/compilers_linux-64_1534865402226/work/gcc_built --with-sysroot=/home/rdonnelly/mc/conda-bld/compilers_linux-64_1534865402226/work/gcc_built/x86_64-conda_cos6-linux-gnu/sysroot --enable-languages=c,c++,fortran,objc,obj-c++ --with-pkgversion='crosstool-NG 1.23.0.449-a04d0' --enable-__cxa_atexit --disable-libmudflap --enable-libgomp --disable-libssp --enable-libquadmath --enable-libquadmath-support --enable-libsanitizer --enable-libmpx --with-gmp=/home/rdonnelly/mc/conda-bld/compilers_linux-64_1534865402226/work/.build/x86_64-conda_cos6-linux-gnu/buildtools --with-mpfr=/home/rdonnelly/mc/conda-bld/compilers_linux-64_1534865402226/work/.build/x86_64-conda_cos6-linux-gnu/buildtools --with-mpc=/home/rdonnelly/mc/conda-bld/compilers_linux-64_1534865402226/work/.build/x86_64-conda_cos6-linux-gnu/buildtools --with-isl=/home/rdonnelly/mc/conda-bld/compilers_linux-64_1534865402226/work/.build/x86_64-conda_cos6-linux-gnu/buildtools --enable-lto --enable-threads=posix --enable-target-optspace --enable-plugin --enable-gold --disable-nls --disable-multilib --with-local-prefix=/home/rdonnelly/mc/conda-bld/compilers_linux-64_1534865402226/work/gcc_built/x86_64-conda_cos6-linux-gnu/sysroot --enable-long-long --enable-default-pie
Thread model: posix
gcc version 7.3.0 (crosstool-NG 1.23.0.449-a04d0) 
COMPILER_PATH=/home/nathan/anaconda3/envs/compile/bin/../libexec/gcc/x86_64-conda_cos6-linux-gnu/7.3.0/:/home/nathan/anaconda3/envs/compile/bin/../libexec/gcc/:/home/nathan/anaconda3/envs/compile/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-conda_cos6-linux-gnu/7.3.0/../../../../x86_64-conda_cos6-linux-gnu/bin/
LIBRARY_PATH=/home/nathan/anaconda3/envs/compile/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-conda_cos6-linux-gnu/7.3.0/:/home/nathan/anaconda3/envs/compile/bin/../lib/gcc/:/home/nathan/anaconda3/envs/compile/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-conda_cos6-linux-gnu/7.3.0/../../../../x86_64-conda_cos6-linux-gnu/lib/../lib/:/home/nathan/anaconda3/envs/compile/bin/../x86_64-conda_cos6-linux-gnu/sysroot/lib/../lib/:/home/nathan/anaconda3/envs/compile/bin/../x86_64-conda_cos6-linux-gnu/sysroot/usr/lib/../lib/:/home/nathan/anaconda3/envs/compile/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-conda_cos6-linux-gnu/7.3.0/../../../../x86_64-conda_cos6-linux-gnu/lib/:/home/nathan/anaconda3/envs/compile/bin/../x86_64-conda_cos6-linux-gnu/sysroot/lib/:/home/nathan/anaconda3/envs/compile/bin/../x86_64-conda_cos6-linux-gnu/sysroot/usr/lib/
COLLECT_GCC_OPTIONS='-I' '.' '-I' '/home/nathan/anaconda3/include' '-L/home/nathan/anaconda3/lib' '-v' '-o' 'eval' '-fsanitize=address' '-fsanitize=undefined' '-fno-sanitize=vptr' '-shared-libgcc' '-mtune=generic' '-march=x86-64'
/home/nathan/anaconda3/envs/compile/bin/../libexec/gcc/x86_64-conda_cos6-linux-gnu/7.3.0/collect2 -plugin /home/nathan/anaconda3/envs/compile/bin/../libexec/gcc/x86_64-conda_cos6-linux-gnu/7.3.0/liblto_plugin.so -plugin-opt=/home/nathan/anaconda3/envs/compile/bin/../libexec/gcc/x86_64-conda_cos6-linux-gnu/7.3.0/lto-wrapper -plugin-opt=-fresolution=/tmp/ccaD6hAv.res -plugin-opt=-pass-through=-lgcc_s -plugin-opt=-pass-through=-lgcc -plugin-opt=-pass-through=-lc -plugin-opt=-pass-through=-lgcc_s -plugin-opt=-pass-through=-lgcc --sysroot=/home/nathan/anaconda3/envs/compile/bin/../x86_64-conda_cos6-linux-gnu/sysroot --eh-frame-hdr -m elf_x86_64 -dynamic-linker /lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 -pie -o eval /home/nathan/anaconda3/envs/compile/bin/../x86_64-conda_cos6-linux-gnu/sysroot/usr/lib/../lib/Scrt1.o /home/nathan/anaconda3/envs/compile/bin/../x86_64-conda_cos6-linux-gnu/sysroot/usr/lib/../lib/crti.o /home/nathan/anaconda3/envs/compile/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-conda_cos6-linux-gnu/7.3.0/crtbeginS.o -L/home/nathan/anaconda3/lib -L/home/nathan/anaconda3/envs/compile/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-conda_cos6-linux-gnu/7.3.0 -L/home/nathan/anaconda3/envs/compile/bin/../lib/gcc -L/home/nathan/anaconda3/envs/compile/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-conda_cos6-linux-gnu/7.3.0/../../../../x86_64-conda_cos6-linux-gnu/lib/../lib -L/home/nathan/anaconda3/envs/compile/bin/../x86_64-conda_cos6-linux-gnu/sysroot/lib/../lib -L/home/nathan/anaconda3/envs/compile/bin/../x86_64-conda_cos6-linux-gnu/sysroot/usr/lib/../lib -L/home/nathan/anaconda3/envs/compile/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-conda_cos6-linux-gnu/7.3.0/../../../../x86_64-conda_cos6-linux-gnu/lib -L/home/nathan/anaconda3/envs/compile/bin/../x86_64-conda_cos6-linux-gnu/sysroot/lib -L/home/nathan/anaconda3/envs/compile/bin/../x86_64-conda_cos6-linux-gnu/sysroot/usr/lib -rpath /home/nathan/anaconda3/envs/compile/lib /home/nathan/anaconda3/envs/compile/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-conda_cos6-linux-gnu/7.3.0/../../../../x86_64-conda_cos6-linux-gnu/lib/../lib/libasan_preinit.o -lasan test.o vehicles.o -lstdc++ -lm -lubsan -lgcc_s -lgcc -lc -lgcc_s -lgcc /home/nathan/anaconda3/envs/compile/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-conda_cos6-linux-gnu/7.3.0/crtendS.o /home/nathan/anaconda3/envs/compile/bin/../x86_64-conda_cos6-linux-gnu/sysroot/usr/lib/../lib/crtn.o
/home/nathan/anaconda3/envs/compile/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-conda_cos6-linux-gnu/7.3.0/../../../../x86_64-conda_cos6-linux-gnu/bin/ld: test.o: in function `__gnu_cxx::__exchange_and_add_single(int*, int)':
test.cpp:(.text+0xa8): undefined reference to `__ubsan_handle_type_mismatch'
/home/nathan/anaconda3/envs/compile/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-conda_cos6-linux-gnu/7.3.0/../../../../x86_64-conda_cos6-linux-gnu/bin/ld: test.cpp:(.text+0x10d): undefined reference to `__ubsan_handle_type_mismatch'
/home/nathan/anaconda3/envs/compile/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-conda_cos6-linux-gnu/7.3.0/../../../../x86_64-conda_cos6-linux-gnu/bin/ld: test.cpp:(.text+0x158): undefined reference to `__ubsan_handle_type_mismatch'
/home/nathan/anaconda3/envs/compile/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-conda_cos6-linux-gnu/7.3.0/../../../../x86_64-conda_cos6-linux-gnu/bin/ld: test.o: in function `main':
test.cpp:(.text+0x2d4): undefined reference to `__ubsan_handle_type_mismatch'
/home/nathan/anaconda3/envs/compile/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-conda_cos6-linux-gnu/7.3.0/../../../../x86_64-conda_cos6-linux-gnu/bin/ld: test.o: in function `vehicle::~vehicle()':
test.cpp:(.text._ZN7vehicleD2Ev[_ZN7vehicleD5Ev]+0x2f): undefined reference to `__ubsan_handle_type_mismatch'
/home/nathan/anaconda3/envs/compile/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-conda_cos6-linux-gnu/7.3.0/../../../../x86_64-conda_cos6-linux-gnu/bin/ld: test.o:test.cpp:(.text._ZN7vehicleD2Ev[_ZN7vehicleD5Ev]+0x5c): more undefined references to `__ubsan_handle_type_mismatch' follow
collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status
makefile:8: recipe for target 'eval' failed
make: *** [eval] Error 1

可能存在一些问题。

通道混合

共享对象中缺少引用是混合来自不同渠道的包构建的典型症状。这是因为不同的通道使用不同的构建堆栈，因此在这些堆栈下编译的共享对象中，符号可能具有不同的名称。

试着从一个渠道获取尽可能多的软件包。由于大多数人通常需要至少一个仅在conda-forge上的包，因此最通用的解决方案是在创建环境时给予conda-forge

channels:
- conda-forge
- defaults

在YAML中(注意anaconda是默认值的子集，因此不需要它(。

标志不一致

当前，INCS和LIBS环境变量设置为指向基本环境。这也可能导致通道混合问题，因为基础通常由默认通道的包构建所主导。

相反，这些变量指向编译环境会更有意义。

INCS = -I. -I/home/nathan/anaconda3/envs/compile/include LIBS = -L/home/nathan/anaconda3/envs/compile/lib
覆盖环境标志
安装像cxx-compiler这样的元包所产生的Conda构建堆栈包括带有激活脚本的包，这些脚本可以自动操作编译器和链接器环境变量。例如，在anaconda3/envs/compile/etc/conda/activate.d/下进行检查。也就是说，环境可能已经有了一个默认配置，当激活时，该配置可以正确配置指向标头和运行时依赖项的路径。
设置INCS和/或LIBS可能会覆盖或干扰这些规范，因此完全省略此类手动规范可能就足够了。

通道混合

标志不一致

覆盖环境标志

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