我是计算机安全的新手，但我也在尝试从字典密码开始进行切换大小写攻击。
我在那里读到，可以从字典开始交替使用大写和小写单词，以获得所有组合(区分大小写(。
我不知道该使用什么命令，现在我被标准字典攻击阻止了
sudo hashcat -m 16800 convertedpcap.16800 dict.txt
有人知道怎么做？
这里有完整的帮助(我删除了-[哈希模式]-以保留空间(：
kali@kali:~$ hashcat --help
hashcat - advanced password recovery
Usage: hashcat [options]... hash|hashfile|hccapxfile [dictionary|mask|directory]...
- [ Options ] -
Options Short / Long | Type | Description | Example
================================+======+======================================================+=======================
-m, --hash-type | Num | Hash-type, see references below | -m 1000
-a, --attack-mode | Num | Attack-mode, see references below | -a 3
-V, --version | | Print version |
-h, --help | | Print help |
--quiet | | Suppress output |
--hex-charset | | Assume charset is given in hex |
--hex-salt | | Assume salt is given in hex |
--hex-wordlist | | Assume words in wordlist are given in hex |
--force | | Ignore warnings |
--status | | Enable automatic update of the status screen |
--status-timer | Num | Sets seconds between status screen updates to X | --status-timer=1
--stdin-timeout-abort | Num | Abort if there is no input from stdin for X seconds | --stdin-timeout-abort=300
--machine-readable | | Display the status view in a machine-readable format |
--keep-guessing | | Keep guessing the hash after it has been cracked |
--self-test-disable | | Disable self-test functionality on startup |
--loopback | | Add new plains to induct directory |
--markov-hcstat2 | File | Specify hcstat2 file to use | --markov-hcstat2=my.hcstat2
--markov-disable | | Disables markov-chains, emulates classic brute-force |
--markov-classic | | Enables classic markov-chains, no per-position |
-t, --markov-threshold | Num | Threshold X when to stop accepting new markov-chains | -t 50
--runtime | Num | Abort session after X seconds of runtime | --runtime=10
--session | Str | Define specific session name | --session=mysession
--restore | | Restore session from --session |
--restore-disable | | Do not write restore file |
--restore-file-path | File | Specific path to restore file | --restore-file-path=x.restore
-o, --outfile | File | Define outfile for recovered hash | -o outfile.txt
--outfile-format | Num | Define outfile-format X for recovered hash | --outfile-format=7
--outfile-autohex-disable | | Disable the use of $HEX[] in output plains |
--outfile-check-timer | Num | Sets seconds between outfile checks to X | --outfile-check=30
--wordlist-autohex-disable | | Disable the conversion of $HEX[] from the wordlist |
-p, --separator | Char | Separator char for hashlists and outfile | -p :
--stdout | | Do not crack a hash, instead print candidates only |
--show | | Compare hashlist with potfile; show cracked hashes |
--left | | Compare hashlist with potfile; show uncracked hashes |
--username | | Enable ignoring of usernames in hashfile |
--remove | | Enable removal of hashes once they are cracked |
--remove-timer | Num | Update input hash file each X seconds | --remove-timer=30
--potfile-disable | | Do not write potfile |
--potfile-path | File | Specific path to potfile | --potfile-path=my.pot
--encoding-from | Code | Force internal wordlist encoding from X | --encoding-from=iso-8859-15
--encoding-to | Code | Force internal wordlist encoding to X | --encoding-to=utf-32le
--debug-mode | Num | Defines the debug mode (hybrid only by using rules) | --debug-mode=4
--debug-file | File | Output file for debugging rules | --debug-file=good.log
--induction-dir | Dir | Specify the induction directory to use for loopback | --induction=inducts
--outfile-check-dir | Dir | Specify the outfile directory to monitor for plains | --outfile-check-dir=x
--logfile-disable | | Disable the logfile |
--hccapx-message-pair | Num | Load only message pairs from hccapx matching X | --hccapx-message-pair=2
--nonce-error-corrections | Num | The BF size range to replace AP's nonce last bytes | --nonce-error-corrections=16
--keyboard-layout-mapping | File | Keyboard layout mapping table for special hash-modes | --keyb=german.hckmap
--truecrypt-keyfiles | File | Keyfiles to use, separated with commas | --truecrypt-keyf=x.png
--veracrypt-keyfiles | File | Keyfiles to use, separated with commas | --veracrypt-keyf=x.txt
--veracrypt-pim | Num | VeraCrypt personal iterations multiplier | --veracrypt-pim=1000
-b, --benchmark | | Run benchmark of selected hash-modes |
--benchmark-all | | Run benchmark of all hash-modes (requires -b) |
--speed-only | | Return expected speed of the attack, then quit |
--progress-only | | Return ideal progress step size and time to process |
-c, --segment-size | Num | Sets size in MB to cache from the wordfile to X | -c 32
--bitmap-min | Num | Sets minimum bits allowed for bitmaps to X | --bitmap-min=24
--bitmap-max | Num | Sets maximum bits allowed for bitmaps to X | --bitmap-max=24
--cpu-affinity | Str | Locks to CPU devices, separated with commas | --cpu-affinity=1,2,3
--example-hashes | | Show an example hash for each hash-mode |
-I, --opencl-info | | Show info about detected OpenCL platforms/devices | -I
--opencl-platforms | Str | OpenCL platforms to use, separated with commas | --opencl-platforms=2
-d, --opencl-devices | Str | OpenCL devices to use, separated with commas | -d 1
-D, --opencl-device-types | Str | OpenCL device-types to use, separated with commas | -D 1
--opencl-vector-width | Num | Manually override OpenCL vector-width to X | --opencl-vector=4
-O, --optimized-kernel-enable | | Enable optimized kernels (limits password length) |
-w, --workload-profile | Num | Enable a specific workload profile, see pool below | -w 3
-n, --kernel-accel | Num | Manual workload tuning, set outerloop step size to X | -n 64
-u, --kernel-loops | Num | Manual workload tuning, set innerloop step size to X | -u 256
-T, --kernel-threads | Num | Manual workload tuning, set thread count to X | -T 64
--spin-damp | Num | Use CPU for device synchronization, in percent | --spin-damp=50
--hwmon-disable | | Disable temperature and fanspeed reads and triggers |
--hwmon-temp-abort | Num | Abort if temperature reaches X degrees Celsius | --hwmon-temp-abort=100
--scrypt-tmto | Num | Manually override TMTO value for scrypt to X | --scrypt-tmto=3
-s, --skip | Num | Skip X words from the start | -s 1000000
-l, --limit | Num | Limit X words from the start + skipped words | -l 1000000
--keyspace | | Show keyspace base:mod values and quit |
-j, --rule-left | Rule | Single rule applied to each word from left wordlist | -j 'c'
-k, --rule-right | Rule | Single rule applied to each word from right wordlist | -k '^-'
-r, --rules-file | File | Multiple rules applied to each word from wordlists | -r rules/best64.rule
-g, --generate-rules | Num | Generate X random rules | -g 10000
--generate-rules-func-min | Num | Force min X functions per rule |
--generate-rules-func-max | Num | Force max X functions per rule |
--generate-rules-seed | Num | Force RNG seed set to X |
-1, --custom-charset1 | CS | User-defined charset ?1 | -1 ?l?d?u
-2, --custom-charset2 | CS | User-defined charset ?2 | -2 ?l?d?s
-3, --custom-charset3 | CS | User-defined charset ?3 |
-4, --custom-charset4 | CS | User-defined charset ?4 |
-i, --increment | | Enable mask increment mode |
--increment-min | Num | Start mask incrementing at X | --increment-min=4
--increment-max | Num | Stop mask incrementing at X | --increment-max=8
-S, --slow-candidates | | Enable slower (but advanced) candidate generators |
--brain-server | | Enable brain server |
-z, --brain-client | | Enable brain client, activates -S |
--brain-client-features | Num | Define brain client features, see below | --brain-client-features=3
--brain-host | Str | Brain server host (IP or domain) | --brain-host=127.0.0.1
--brain-port | Port | Brain server port | --brain-port=13743
--brain-password | Str | Brain server authentication password | --brain-password=bZfhCvGUSjRq
--brain-session | Hex | Overrides automatically calculated brain session | --brain-session=0x2ae611db
--brain-session-whitelist | Hex | Allow given sessions only, separated with commas | --brain-session-whitelist=0x2ae611db
- [ Brain Client Features ] -
# | Features
===+========
1 | Send hashed passwords
2 | Send attack positions
3 | Send hashed passwords and attack positions
- [ Outfile Formats ] -
# | Format
===+========
1 | hash[:salt]
2 | plain
3 | hash[:salt]:plain
4 | hex_plain
5 | hash[:salt]:hex_plain
6 | plain:hex_plain
7 | hash[:salt]:plain:hex_plain
8 | crackpos
9 | hash[:salt]:crack_pos
10 | plain:crack_pos
11 | hash[:salt]:plain:crack_pos
12 | hex_plain:crack_pos
13 | hash[:salt]:hex_plain:crack_pos
14 | plain:hex_plain:crack_pos
15 | hash[:salt]:plain:hex_plain:crack_pos
- [ Rule Debugging Modes ] -
# | Format
===+========
1 | Finding-Rule
2 | Original-Word
3 | Original-Word:Finding-Rule
4 | Original-Word:Finding-Rule:Processed-Word
- [ Attack Modes ] -
# | Mode
===+======
0 | Straight
1 | Combination
3 | Brute-force
6 | Hybrid Wordlist + Mask
7 | Hybrid Mask + Wordlist
- [ Built-in Charsets ] -
? | Charset
===+=========
l | abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz
u | ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ
d | 0123456789
h | 0123456789abcdef
H | 0123456789ABCDEF
s | !"#$%&'()*+,-./:;<=>?@[]^_`{|}~
a | ?l?u?d?s
b | 0x00 - 0xff
- [ OpenCL Device Types ] -
# | Device Type
===+=============
1 | CPU
2 | GPU
3 | FPGA, DSP, Co-Processor
- [ Workload Profiles ] -
# | Performance | Runtime | Power Consumption | Desktop Impact
===+=============+=========+===================+=================
1 | Low | 2 ms | Low | Minimal
2 | Default | 12 ms | Economic | Noticeable
3 | High | 96 ms | High | Unresponsive
4 | Nightmare | 480 ms | Insane | Headless
- [ Basic Examples ] -
Attack- | Hash- |
Mode | Type | Example command
==================+=======+==================================================================
Wordlist | $P$ | hashcat -a 0 -m 400 example400.hash example.dict
Wordlist + Rules | MD5 | hashcat -a 0 -m 0 example0.hash example.dict -r rules/best64.rule
Brute-Force | MD5 | hashcat -a 3 -m 0 example0.hash ?a?a?a?a?a?a
Combinator | MD5 | hashcat -a 1 -m 0 example0.hash example.dict example.dict
If you still have no idea what just happened, try the following pages:
* https://hashcat.net/wiki/#howtos_videos_papers_articles_etc_in_the_wild
* https://hashcat.net/faq/
kali@kali:~$
Thankz
简短回答：
从Github上的Hashcat repo下载toggle5.rule，并尝试运行以下内容：
sudo hashcat -m 16800 -r toggle5.rule convertedpcap.16800 dict.txt
hashcat规则解释+演示：
旧的togglecase示例链接到一篇推荐使用规则的新文章，特别是rules/中的示例。对于这个例子，让我们使用toggle5.rule，该网站解释说"一次包含5个字符中的1到15个明文位置的所有可能的togglecase开关"。
让我们尝试破解字符串HaShCaT的md5，并将其放入我们的example.hash文件(它是41e24266141b6ef98bf0e1fb54b238a1(中，并为example.dict文件仅使用字符串hashcat的字典。继续使用您喜欢的编辑器，在您正在使用的任何文件夹中创建这两个文件。
如果我们只是使用一个正常的字典攻击，比如：
hashcat -a 0 -m 0 example.hash example.dict
它无法破解散列。这并不奇怪。现在添加--stdout标志。
hashcat --stdout -a 0 -m 0 -r toggle5.rule example.dict
您将看到打印的哈希后面跟着所有候选，如果我们试图破解哈希，则这些候选将被尝试，在本例中，它只是字符串hashcat。注意，使用--stdout时，不需要在命令中使用example.hash。
现在让我们尝试将toggle5.rule添加到的混合中
hashcat --stdout -a 0 -m 0 -r toggle5.rule example.dict
我已经直接从Github存储库中复制了规则。多亏了--stdout，这应该会在hashcat上打印批次的变体。我们可以通过将其导入less或更好的方式使其更易于管理。。。
hashcat --stdout -a 0 -m 0 -r toggle5.rule example.dict | sort | uniq -c | sort -rn
基本上，这将显示hashcat的每个变体将被生成为候选的次数。现在，您可以看到一个规则是如何生成新的候选者来尝试破解哈希的！然后，最后一轮。。。
hashcat -a 0 -m 0 -r toggle5.rule example.hash example.dict
还有成功！它破解了md5哈希HaShCaT。
现在谈谈你的问题
具体来说，您可能不需要toggle5.rule提供的所有变体。如果你确信你试图破解的密码少于15个字符，或者大写字符不超过4个，你可以减少变体。
例如，如果你只想尝试每个字母都有交替大小写的候选者，那么你的规则文件就是
T0T2T4T6T8TATCTE
T1T2T5T7T9TBTDTF
重复使用hashcat作为示例，这将生成候选HaShCaT和hAsHcAt。以防这更接近你想要的。请随意在评论中描述您的具体场景，我们可以共同制定最有意义的规则。