为什么编译器不喜欢与"Iter"关联的所有字符串?



我正在实现一种行为设计模式。

编译器在与"Iter"相关的行中给出错误。我完全不明白为什么会发生这种情况,更何况如何解决?

我想也许某处有文书错误(我正在按照书中的示例做一个程序,代码是屏幕截图,需要重新输入) - 但没有文书错误,一切都和那里一模一样。

那么问题可能出在哪里呢?

我怀疑这是一件简单的事情,由于我的知识水平低,对我来说并不明显。

错误:

main.cpp:57:2: error: ‘Iter’ does not name a type
Iter* createIterator() const;
^~~~
main.cpp:98:41: error: no ‘Iter* ContainerPerson::CreateIterator() const’ member function declared in class ‘ContainerPerson’
Iter* ContainerPerson::CreateIterator() const {
^~~~~
main.cpp: In function ‘int main()’:
main.cpp:113:18: error: ‘class ContainerPerson’ has no member named ‘createIterator’
Iter* it = list.createIterator();
^~~~~~~~~~~~~~
main.cpp:118:10: error: invalid use of non-static member function ‘void Iter::first()’
for(it->first; !it->isDoneBegin(); it->next()) {
~~~~^~~~~
main.cpp:69:7: note: declared here
void first() {
^~~~~
main.cpp:124:10: error: invalid use of non-static member function ‘void Iter::first()’
for(it->first; !it->isDoneBegin(); it->prev()) {
~~~~^~~~~
main.cpp:69:7: note: declared here
void first() {
^~~~~

完整代码:

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
using namespace std;
class Person {
public: 
string name;
int age;
string address;
Person() {
name = "";
age = 0;
address = "";
}

Person(string n, int a, string ad) {
name = n;
age = a;
address = ad;
}
void prn() {
cout << "Информация о человеке:";
cout << "n Фамилия: " << name;
cout << "t Возраст: " << age;
cout << "n Город: " << address;
}
};
class ContainerPerson {
public:
Person* masPerson;
int currentpos;
ContainerPerson(int size) {
masPerson = new Person[size];
currentpos = - 1;
}
~ContainerPerson() {
delete []masPerson;
}
void add(Person *obj) {
int pos = ++currentpos;
masPerson[pos].name = obj->name;
masPerson[pos].age = obj->age;
masPerson[pos].address = obj->address;
}
bool isEmpty() {
return (currentpos == - 1);
}
friend class Iter;
Iter* createIterator() const;
};
class Iter {
const ContainerPerson* container;
int index;
public:
Iter(const ContainerPerson* con) {
container = con;
}

void first() {
index = 0;
}
void end() {
index = container->currentpos;
}
void next() {
index++;
}
void prev() {
index--;
}
bool isDoneEnd() {
return (index == container->currentpos + 1);
}
bool isDoneBegin() {
return (index == -1);
}
Person currentItem() {
return container->masPerson[index];
}
};
Iter* ContainerPerson::CreateIterator() const {
return new Iter(this);
}
int main() {
setlocale(LC_ALL, "Russian");
ContainerPerson list(7);
list.add(new Person("Sur1", 26, "City1"));  
list.add(new Person("Sur2", 33, "City2"));
list.add(new Person("Sur3", 65, "City3"));
list.add(new Person("Sur4", 43, "City4"));
list.add(new Person("Sur5", 58, "City5"));
list.add(new Person("Sur6", 47, "City6"));
list.add(new Person("Sur7", 32, "City7"));

Iter* it = list.createIterator();
Person currentPerson;   

cout << "nOutput (beg-next):";
for(it->first; !it->isDoneBegin(); it->next()) {
currentPerson = it->currentItem();
currentPerson.prn();
}
cout << "nOutput (beg-prev):";
for(it->first; !it->isDoneBegin(); it->prev()) {
currentPerson = it->currentItem();
currentPerson.prn();
}
return 0;
}
  1. 您需要在class ContainerPerson声明之外class Iter;前向声明。 否则,将ContainerPerson::Iterfriend 类,这与稍后声明的Iter无关。 请参阅为什么 C++ friend 类只需要在其他命名空间中提供前向声明?

  2. Iter* ContainerPerson::CreateIterator()定义中的错别字:应为createIterator,小写c

  3. for(it->first; ...)中的错别字;应该it->first()

  4. 您的迭代是混合的。 他们应该是

for(it->first(); !it->isDoneEnd(); it->next()) {
// ...
}
for(it->end(); !it->isDoneBegin(); it->prev()) {
// ...
}

修复这些后,它可以干净地编译和运行:https://godbolt.org/z/3K7T7d14h

奖励错误供您稍后修复: 您永远不会deleteContainerPerson::createIterator()中分配的Iter。 这是内存泄漏。

main.cpp:57:2: error: ‘Iter’ does not name a type
Iter* createIterator() const;
^~~~

虽然这个朋友类的声明

friend class Iter;

出现在类的定义中ContainerPerson但是名称Iter在类ContainerPerson的范围内不可见。

因此,编译器为此成员函数声明发出错误。

您需要在类ContainerPerson之前声明类Iter。例如

class Iter;
class ContainerPerson
{
//...
friend class Iter;
Iter* createIterator() const;
//...
};

或者在函数声明的返回类型中使用详细的类型说明符,例如

class ContainerPerson
{
//...
friend class Iter;
class Iter* createIterator() const;
//...
};

main.cpp:98:41: error: no ‘Iter* ContainerPerson::CreateIterator() const’ member function declared in class ‘ContainerPerson’
Iter* ContainerPerson::CreateIterator() const {
^~~~~

您声明了成员函数

Iter* createIterator() const;
^^

不是成员函数

Iter* CreateIterator() const;
^^

main.cpp: In function ‘int main()’:
main.cpp:113:18: error: ‘class ContainerPerson’ has no member named ‘createIterator’
Iter* it = list.createIterator();
^~~~~~~~~~~~~~

此错误是第一个错误的结果。

至于这些错误

main.cpp:118:10: error: invalid use of non-static member function ‘void Iter::first()’
for(it->first; !it->isDoneBegin(); it->next()) {
~~~~^~~~~

main.cpp:124:10: error: invalid use of non-static member function ‘void Iter::first()’
for(it->first; !it->isDoneBegin(); it->prev()) {
~~~~^~~~~

那么似乎你的意思是函数调用

it->first()

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