当尝试在ARM M1 MacBookPro上安装tensorflow时，我看到以下问题:
% pip install tensorflow
ERROR: Could not find a version that satisfies the requirement tensorflow (from versions: none)
ERROR: No matching distribution found for tensorflow
经过搜索，我发现了一个名为tensorflow-macos的包，它会产生以下问题:
clang: error: the clang compiler does not support 'faltivec', please use -maltivec and include altivec.h explicitly
error: Command "gcc -Wno-unused-result -Wsign-compare -Wunreachable-code -fno-common -dynamic -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O3 -Wall -arch arm64 -arch x86_64 -g -DNPY_INTERNAL_BUILD=1 -DHAVE_NPY_CONFIG_H=1 -D_FILE_OFFSET_BITS=64 -D_LARGEFILE_SOURCE=1 -D_LARGEFILE64_SOURCE=1 -DNO_ATLAS_INFO=3 -DHAVE_CBLAS -Ibuild/src.macosx-10.9-universal2-3.9/numpy/core/src/umath -Ibuild/src.macosx-10.9-universal2-3.9/numpy/core/src/npymath -Ibuild/src.macosx-10.9-universal2-3.9/numpy/core/src/common -Inumpy/core/include -Ibuild/src.macosx-10.9-universal2-3.9/numpy/core/include/numpy -Inumpy/core/src/common -Inumpy/core/src -Inumpy/core -Inumpy/core/src/npymath -Inumpy/core/src/multiarray -Inumpy/core/src/umath -Inumpy/core/src/npysort -I/Users/thing/dev/SOTAMoon/venv/include -I/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.9/include/python3.9 -Ibuild/src.macosx-10.9-universal2-3.9/numpy/core/src/common -Ibuild/src.macosx-10.9-universal2-3.9/numpy/core/src/npymath -c numpy/core/src/multiarray/descriptor.c -o build/temp.macosx-10.9-universal2-3.9/numpy/core/src/multiarray/descriptor.o -MMD -MF build/temp.macosx-10.9-universal2-3.9/numpy/core/src/multiarray/descriptor.o.d -faltivec -I/System/Library/Frameworks/vecLib.framework/Headers -std=c99" failed with exit status 1
----------------------------------------
ERROR: Failed building wheel for numpy
Failed to build numpy
ERROR: Could not build wheels for numpy which use PEP 517 and cannot be installed directly
----------------------------------------
WARNING: Discarding https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/a7/81/20d5d994c91ed8347efda90d32c396ea28254fd8eb9e071e28ee5700ffd5/h5py-3.1.0.tar.gz#sha256=1e2516f190652beedcb8c7acfa1c6fa92d99b42331cbef5e5c7ec2d65b0fc3c2 (from https://pypi.org/simple/h5py/) (requires-python:>=3.6). Command errored out with exit status 1: /Users/thing/dev/SOTAMoon/venv/bin/python3 /private/var/folders/8k/z291bhgd5gs06tp9b4j6_bb40000gn/T/pip-standalone-pip-8qa87uy0/__env_pip__.zip/pip install --ignore-installed --no-user --prefix /private/var/folders/8k/z291bhgd5gs06tp9b4j6_bb40000gn/T/pip-build-env-bxy_nyoo/normal --no-warn-script-location --no-binary :none: --only-binary :none: -i https://pypi.org/simple -- 'numpy==1.12; python_version == "3.6"' 'numpy==1.19.3; python_version >= "3.9"' 'numpy==1.14.5; python_version == "3.7"' pkgconfig 'Cython>=0.29; python_version < "3.8"' 'Cython>=0.29.14; python_version >= "3.8"' 'numpy==1.17.5; python_version == "3.8"' Check the logs for full command output.
ERROR: Could not find a version that satisfies the requirement h5py~=3.1.0 (from tensorflow-macos) (from versions: 2.2.1, 2.3.0b1, 2.3.0, 2.3.1, 2.4.0b1, 2.4.0, 2.5.0, 2.6.0, 2.7.0rc2, 2.7.0, 2.7.1, 2.8.0rc1, 2.8.0, 2.9.0rc1, 2.9.0, 2.10.0, 3.0.0rc1, 3.0.0, 3.1.0, 3.2.0, 3.2.1, 3.3.0)
ERROR: No matching distribution found for h5py~=3.1.0
不幸的是，我无法解决这个问题。我还发现了一个由苹果制作的tensorflow包，似乎是专门为M1设计的，但是按照本教程的操作会产生以下问题:
% pip install --upgrade --force --no-dependencies https://github.com/apple/tensorflow_macos/releases/download/v0.1alpha3/tensorflow_addons_macos-0.1a3-cp38-cp38-macosx_11_0_arm64.whl https://github.com/apple/tensorflow_macos/releases/download/v0.1alpha3/tensorflow_macos-0.1a3-cp38-cp38-macosx_11_0_arm64.whl
ERROR: tensorflow_addons_macos-0.1a3-cp38-cp38-macosx_11_0_arm64.whl is not a supported wheel on this platform.
在这之后，我有点卡住了。我已经将pip升级到21.1.3，我的python版本是Python 3.9.6。
Tensorflow-macos and Tensorflow-metal Install
目前，要利用M1 GPU，您需要安装Tensorflow-macos和TensorFlow-metal而不是Tensorflow，安装步骤在这里详细说明，它们可以使用mini-forge总结如下:
conda create -n tf python=3.8 -y
conda activate tf
conda install -c apple tensorflow-deps -y
# Navigate the issue with conda environments
# built against pre-macOS 11 SDK use (Just in case)
# this solves the Intel / M1 install issues:
SYSTEM_VERSION_COMPAT=0 pip install tensorflow-macos
SYSTEM_VERSION_COMPAT=0 pip install tensorflow-metal
要测试一切是否正常，我们可以运行:
#!/usr/bin/env bash
PYCMD=$(cat <<EOF
import tensorflow as tf
tf.config.list_physical_devices()
with tf.device('/GPU'):
a = tf.random.normal(shape=(2,), dtype=tf.float32)
b = tf.nn.relu(a)
print(a)
print(b)
EOF
)
python3 -c "$PYCMD" 2>/dev/null
测试机器的预期输出:
>./val.sh
Metal device set to: Apple M1
systemMemory: 16.00 GB
maxCacheSize: 5.33 GB
tf.Tensor([-0.4044231 0.08157467], shape=(2,), dtype=float32)
tf.Tensor([0. 0.08157467], shape=(2,), dtype=float32)
好了，一切(假设)都在工作…
边注:Package Install Issues:
需要注意的是，依赖于tensorflow的软件包将尝试安装tensorflow，因为它们可能没有显式依赖于tensorflow-macos或tensorflow-metal。
当你安装tensorflow相关的包或代码时，你可能需要在运行之前检查requirements.txt file:
python3 pip install -r requirements.txt
requirements.txt将尝试安装tensorflow包，而不是tensorflow-macosx或tensorflow-metal包，这将导致一系列问题，如果你运行requirements.txt文件不变。这和==的显式版本也会导致问题。
希望这能给你指明正确的方向，让你思考python在Apple-M1笔记本电脑上使用TensorFlow金属插件来利用M1 GPU特性所涉及的障碍。
保重身体。
try
python3 -m pip install tensorflow-macos
python3 -m pip install tensorflow-metal
您可能还需要:
brew install hdf5
export HDF5_DIR=$(brew --prefix hdf5)