Python:当父函数中存在变量时，嵌套函数中未定义的变量

Question

Edit：我意识到这不是一个嵌套函数，而是在函数中调用一个函数！

我从5个不同的端点(endpoint_a到endpoint_e(提取数据，每个端点都有自己的函数get_endpoint_，如下所示：

def get_endpoint_a() -> pd.dataFrame:
"""
Return data from API endpoint.
Includes all data. It is initially returned as a JSON and
then transformed into a DataFrame.
"""
url = configs.ENDPOINT_A
querystring = configs.a_querystring
try:
response = requests.request("GET", url, headers=header, params=querystring)
except requests.exceptions.RequestException as e:
raise sys.exit(e)
if response.status_code != 200:
raise Exception(f"Response from API: {response.status_code}")
response = response.json()
return _get_all_data(response)

我有一个子函数_get_all_data来附加结果，以及下面定义的用于分页的whilr循环：

def _get_all_data(response):
"""
Return the results of the get request.
Loops over api response and appends results to list in addition to appending the
results of a while loop for pagination.
"""
results = []
for x in response["results"]:
results.append(x)
while response["paging"]["next"]["link"] is not None:
url = response["paging"]["next"]["link"]
response = requests.request("GET", url, headers=header, params=querystring)
response = response.json()
for x in response["results"]:
results.append(x)
return json_normalize(results)

当我在Jupyter中运行函数时，它是有效的，但是当我通过linter运行代码时，我会收到一条undefined variable "querystring"错误消息，引用子函数中的params=querystring。假设每个端点都需要不同的查询字符串，我无法全局定义它，并且使用nonlocal会返回unable to parse或nonlocal variable must be bound in outer function scope。

有人能帮我，或者给我指一个正确的方向吗？提前感谢

Answer 1

正如注释中所指出的，这不是一个嵌套函数。然而，要解决您的问题，您只需要将querystring作为参数添加到函数中，并每次传递它：

def _get_all_data(response, querystring):
"""
Return the results of the get request.
Loops over api response and appends results to list in addition to appending the
results of a while loop for pagination.
"""
results = []
for x in response["results"]:
results.append(x)
while response["paging"]["next"]["link"] is not None:
url = response["paging"]["next"]["link"]
response = requests.request("GET", url, headers=header, params=querystring)
response = response.json()
for x in response["results"]:
results.append(x)
return json_normalize(results)

def get_endpoint_a() -> pd.dataFrame:
"""
Return data from API endpoint.
Includes all data. It is initially returned as a JSON and
then transformed into a DataFrame.
"""
url = configs.ENDPOINT_A
querystring = configs.a_querystring
try:
response = requests.request("GET", url, headers=header, params=querystring)
except requests.exceptions.RequestException as e:
raise sys.exit(e)
if response.status_code != 200:
raise Exception(f"Response from API: {response.status_code}")
response = response.json()
return _get_all_data(response, querystring)