Cucumber / JUnit 5:如何在CLI中运行单个场景/功能?

Question

我在一个使用Cucumber 7.11.2(也就是JUnit5)运行测试的项目上。我无法使用CLI运行单独的场景或功能。

我读了很多关于使用命令的书，比如:

mvn test -Dcucumber.features="src/test/resources/features/file.feature"

或

mvn test -Dcucumber.options="src/test/resources/features/file.feature"

，但没有工作，我得到一个"未知的生命周期错误"。如果我移动一些引号得到:

mvn test -D"cucumber.options=src/test/resources/features/file.feature" 

例如，则所有测试都运行。

我怀疑前两个命令可以在旧的Cucumber版本中工作，或者我没有正确配置我的pom.xml。

我的pom.xml:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>com.example</groupId>
<artifactId>application</artifactId>
<version>2.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
<packaging>jar</packaging>
<properties>
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
<project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
<java.version>17</java.version>
<maven.compiler.source>17</maven.compiler.source>
<maven.compiler.target>17</maven.compiler.target>
<maven.compiler.plugin.version>3.11.0</maven.compiler.plugin.version>
<allure-junit5.version>2.21.0</allure-junit5.version>
<junit.jupiter.version>5.9.2</junit.jupiter.version>
<junit.platform.version>1.9.2</junit.platform.version>
<assertj-core.version>3.24.2</assertj-core.version>
<maven.surefire.plugin.version>3.0.0</maven.surefire.plugin.version>
<log4j.version>2.20.0</log4j.version>
<slf4j.version>2.0.7</slf4j.version>
<rest-assured.version>5.3.0</rest-assured.version>
<slf4j-log4j12.version>2.0.7</slf4j-log4j12.version>
<aspectj.version>1.9.19</aspectj.version>
<jackson.version>2.14.2</jackson.version>
<lombok.version>1.18.26</lombok.version>
<cucumber.version>7.11.2</cucumber.version>
<selenium.version>4.8.3</selenium.version>
<webdrivermanager.version>5.3.2</webdrivermanager.version>
</properties>
<dependencyManagement>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>io.cucumber</groupId>
<artifactId>cucumber-bom</artifactId>
<version>7.11.2</version>
<type>pom</type>
<scope>import</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit-bom</artifactId>
<version>5.9.2</version>
<type>pom</type>
<scope>import</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</dependencyManagement>
<dependencies>
<!-- Rest Assured dependency | For API Testing -->
<dependency>
<groupId>io.rest-assured</groupId>
<artifactId>rest-assured</artifactId>
<version>${rest-assured.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!--Junit
Dependencies | For Test execution-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.junit.platform</groupId>
<artifactId>junit-platform-suite</artifactId>
<version>${junit.platform.version}</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.junit.jupiter</groupId>
<artifactId>junit-jupiter</artifactId>
<version>${junit.jupiter.version}</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<!--Cucumber
Dependencies | For Test execution-->
<dependency>
<groupId>io.cucumber</groupId>
<artifactId>cucumber-java</artifactId>
<version>${cucumber.version}</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/io.cucumber/cucumber-picocontainer -->
<dependency>
<groupId>io.cucumber</groupId>
<artifactId>cucumber-picocontainer</artifactId>
<version>${cucumber.version}</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>io.cucumber</groupId>
<artifactId>cucumber-junit-platform-engine</artifactId>
<version>${cucumber.version}</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<!--WebDriver
Dependency | For UI testing-->
<dependency>
<groupId>io.github.bonigarcia</groupId>
<artifactId>webdrivermanager</artifactId>
<version>${webdrivermanager.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.seleniumhq.selenium</groupId>
<artifactId>selenium-java</artifactId>
<version>${selenium.version}</version>
<type>pom</type>
</dependency>
<!--Allure
Dependency | For Reporting-->
<dependency>
<groupId>io.qameta.allure</groupId>
<artifactId>allure-junit5</artifactId>
<version>${allure-junit5.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>io.qameta.allure</groupId>
<artifactId>allure-rest-assured</artifactId>
<version>${allure-junit5.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.assertj</groupId>
<artifactId>assertj-core</artifactId>
<version>${assertj-core.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!--Log4J
Dependency | For Logging-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.logging.log4j</groupId>
<artifactId>log4j-core</artifactId>
<version>${log4j.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
<artifactId>slf4j-api</artifactId>
<version>${slf4j.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
<artifactId>slf4j-simple</artifactId>
<version>${slf4j.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
<artifactId>jackson-annotations</artifactId>
<version>${jackson.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
<artifactId>jackson-core</artifactId>
<version>${jackson.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
<artifactId>jackson-databind</artifactId>
<version>${jackson.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
<artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
<version>${lombok.version}</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId>
<version>${maven.surefire.plugin.version}</version>
<configuration>
<testFailureIgnore>false</testFailureIgnore>
<argLine>
-javaagent:"${settings.localRepository}/org/aspectj/aspectjweaver/${aspectj.version}/aspectjweaver-${aspectj.version}.jar"
</argLine>
<systemPropertyVariables>
<property>
<name>junit.jupiter.extensions.autodetection.enabled</name>
<value>true</value>
</property>
</systemPropertyVariables>
</configuration>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.aspectj</groupId>
<artifactId>aspectjweaver</artifactId>
<version>${aspectj.version}</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</plugin>
<plugin>
<groupId>io.qameta.allure</groupId>
<artifactId>allure-maven</artifactId>
<version>2.12.0</version>
<configuration>
<reportVersion>2.4.1</reportVersion>
</configuration>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>

</project>

更新:运行单独的功能可以在IntelliJ接口上工作，而不是在VSCode上。

Answer 1

第一个命令是正确的。但听起来你有一些壳报价问题。您应该查看有关"未知生命周期错误"的详细信息。帮助您推断命令是如何被shell解释的。

现在我猜这应该可以工作了:

mvn test -D"cucumber.features=src/test/resources/features/file.feature"

但是你在使用它的时候应该小心。黄瓜可能只会跑两次。相反，您最好选择要通过标记运行的测试。

mvn test -D"groups=ExampleTag"

---

作为题外话，您已经为Cucumber和JUnit指定了物料清单(BOM)，因此您不再需要这些显式版本:

<version>${junit.platform.version}</version>
<version>${junit.jupiter.version}</version>
<version>${cucumber.version}</version>