ruby on rails - Rspec测试验证

Question

我是rails的新手，我正试图理解使用Rspec的测试。我创建了一个名为Contact的简单模型(仅用于测试目的)，其中包含名:字符串、姓:字符串和电子邮件:字符串。我只是想设置一个测试firstname失败，如果是空的。

我的Rspec测试如下:

describe Contact do
    it "creates a valid model" do
         contact = Contact.new(
            firstname: 'firstname',
            lastname: 'lastname',
            email: 'email'
            )
        expect(contact).to be_valid 
    end
 it "is invalid without a firstname" do
         contact = Contact.new(firstname: nil)
         contact.valid?
        expect(contact.errors[:firstname]).to include("can't be blank")
     end

我的理解是这个测试不应该返回任何失败，但它确实返回了。以下输出:

Failures:
  1) Contact is invalid without a firstname
     Failure/Error: expect(contact.errors[:firstname]).to include("can't be blank")
       expected [] to include "can't be blank"
     # ./spec/models/contact_spec.rb:16:in `block (2 levels) in <top (required)>'
Finished in 0.11659 seconds (files took 2.39 seconds to load)
18 examples, 1 failure, 15 pending
Failed examples:
rspec ./spec/models/contact_spec.rb:13 # Contact is invalid without a firstname

如果我将expect语句从"。到"not_to"的测试通过了，所以我认为我把这个搞反了，任何帮助或解释都是非常感谢的。

Answer 1

正如smarthy在评论中所说，我忘记在模型中包含验证。