如何制作JSON.Net序列化器在序列化特定类型时调用ToString()



我使用Newtonsoft。Json序列化器,将c#类转换为Json。对于某些类,我不需要序列化器到单个属性的实例,而是只需在对象上调用ToString,即

public class Person
{
   public string FirstName { get; set; }
   public string LastName { get; set; }
   public override string ToString() { return string.Format("{0} {1}", FirstName, LastName ); }
}

我应该怎么做才能将Person对象序列化为其ToString()方法的结果?我可能有很多这样的类,所以我不想以一个特定于Person类的序列化器结束,我想要一个可以适用于任何类的序列化器(我猜是通过属性)。

您可以使用自定义JsonConverter:

轻松地完成此操作。
public class ToStringJsonConverter : JsonConverter
{
    public override bool CanConvert(Type objectType)
    {
        return true;
    }
    public override void WriteJson(JsonWriter writer, object value, JsonSerializer serializer)
    {
        writer.WriteValue(value.ToString());
    }
    public override bool CanRead
    {
        get { return false; }
    }
    public override object ReadJson(JsonReader reader, Type objectType, object existingValue, JsonSerializer serializer)
    {
        throw new NotImplementedException();
    }
}

要使用转换器,用[JsonConverter]属性修饰任何需要序列化为字符串的类,如下所示:

[JsonConverter(typeof(ToStringJsonConverter))]
public class Person
{
    ...
}

下面是演示转换器的示例:

class Program
{
    static void Main(string[] args)
    {
        Company company = new Company
        {
            CompanyName = "Initrode",
            Boss = new Person { FirstName = "Head", LastName = "Honcho" },
            Employees = new List<Person>
            {
                new Person { FirstName = "Joe", LastName = "Schmoe" },
                new Person { FirstName = "John", LastName = "Doe" }
            }
        };
        string json = JsonConvert.SerializeObject(company, Formatting.Indented);
        Console.WriteLine(json);
    }
}
public class Company
{
    public string CompanyName { get; set; }
    public Person Boss { get; set; }
    public List<Person> Employees { get; set; }
}
[JsonConverter(typeof(ToStringJsonConverter))]
public class Person
{
    public string FirstName { get; set; }
    public string LastName { get; set; }
    public override string ToString() 
    { 
        return string.Format("{0} {1}", FirstName, LastName); 
    }
}
输出:

{
  "CompanyName": "Initrode",
  "Boss": "Head Honcho",
  "Employees": [
    "Joe Schmoe",
    "John Doe"
  ]
}

如果您还需要能够从字符串转换回对象,您可以在转换器上实现ReadJson方法,以便它查找public static Parse(string)方法并调用它。注意:一定要将转换器的CanRead方法更改为返回true(或者干脆删除CanRead重载),否则ReadJson将永远不会被调用。

public override object ReadJson(JsonReader reader, Type objectType, object existingValue, JsonSerializer serializer)
{
    MethodInfo parse = objectType.GetMethod("Parse", new Type[] { typeof(string) });
    if (parse != null && parse.IsStatic && parse.ReturnType == objectType)
    {
        return parse.Invoke(null, new object[] { (string)reader.Value });
    }
    throw new JsonException(string.Format(
        "The {0} type does not have a public static Parse(string) method that returns a {0}.", 
        objectType.Name));
}

当然,要使上述工作,您还需要确保在您正在转换的每个类上实现一个合适的Parse方法,如果它还不存在的话。对于上面显示的示例Person类,该方法可能看起来像这样:

public static Person Parse(string s)
{
    if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(s))
        throw new ArgumentException("s cannot be null or empty", "s");
    string[] parts = s.Split(new char[] { ' ' }, 2);
    Person p = new Person { FirstName = parts[0] };
    if (parts.Length > 1)
        p.LastName = parts[1];
    return p;
}

往返演示:https://dotnetfiddle.net/fd4EG4

如果不打算大规模使用,有一种更快的方法可以做到这一点,在下面的例子中,它是为RecordType属性

完成的
[JsonIgnore]
public RecordType RecType { get; set; }
[JsonProperty(PropertyName = "RecordType")]
private string RecordTypeString => RecType.ToString();

您可以简单地尝试Newtonsoft的JSON构建器库并使用以下代码序列化Person类型的对象:

Dictionary<string, object> collection = new Dictionary<string, object>()
    {
      {"First", new Person(<add FirstName as constructor>)},
      {"Second", new Person(<add LastName as constructor>)},
    };
string json = JsonConvert.SerializeObject(collection, Formatting.Indented, new JsonSerializerSettings
  {
    TypeNameHandling = TypeNameHandling.All,
    TypeNameAssemblyFormat = FormatterAssemblyStyle.Simple
  });

我没有时间测试我的解决方案,但它应该工作。假设所有你正在使用的类都是你自己的,为什么你不做一个ToString覆盖所有的类和那些需要使用Newtonsoft的类。Json序列化器只能在ToString方法中序列化并返回。这样,当您想要获得对象的序列化字符串时,总是可以调用ToString。

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