Unix c++:获取不同区域的时间



我正在尝试使用c++获得不同时区(PST)的时间。

#define PST (-8);
char* Time::getSecondSystemTime() {
    time_t rawtime;
    struct tm * timeinfo;
    char buffer[80];
    time(&rawtime);
    timeinfo = gmtime(&rawtime);
    timeinfo->tm_hour = timeinfo->tm_hour + PST;
    strftime(buffer, 80, "%I:%M %p", timeinfo);

    std::string temp = std::string(buffer); // to get rid of extra stuff
    std::string extraInfo = " Pacific Time ( US & Canada )";
    temp.append(extraInfo);
    return (char*) (temp.c_str());
}

这里的问题是,当GMT时间小于8小时(例如,现在,时间是凌晨3点),从它减去8小时不工作!

在Unix中获取不同时区时间的正确方法是什么?

既然您说的是"UNIX",那么这里使用的是TZ,但是,TZ=[what goes here]您需要找出在您的系统上[这里是什么]。它可能是"America/LosAngeles"或PST的其他几个字符串之一。如果您的系统是POSIX: TZ=PST8PST保证工作。但这可能不是最优的。

原始非生产代码假设当前没有使用TZ。这是在C中,而不是c++,因为你的标签是C:

setenv("TZ", "PST8PST", 1);   // set TZ
tzset();                // recognize TZ
time_t lt=time(NULL);   //epoch seconds
struct tm *p=localtime(&lt); // get local time struct tm
char tmp[80]={0x0};
strftime(tmp, 80, "%c", p);  // format time use format string, %c 
printf("time and date PST: %sn", tmp); // display time and date
// you may or may not want to remove the TZ variable at this point.

我保存了下面的C代码来处理这个问题。效率不是第一个浮现在脑海里的词(两次调用setenv(),两次调用tzset()),但是标准C库并没有让做得更好变得容易:

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <time.h>
#include <unistd.h>
static void time_convert(time_t t0, char const *tz_value)
{
    char old_tz[64];
    strcpy(old_tz, getenv("TZ"));
    setenv("TZ", tz_value, 1);
    tzset();
    char new_tz[64];
    strcpy(new_tz, getenv("TZ"));
    char buffer[64];
    struct tm *lt = localtime(&t0);
    strftime(buffer, sizeof(buffer), "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S", lt);
    setenv("TZ", old_tz, 1);
    tzset();
    printf("%ld = %s (TZ=%s)n", (long)t0, buffer, new_tz);
}
int main(void)
{
    time_t t0 = time(0);
    char *tz = getenv("TZ");
    time_convert(t0, tz);
    time_convert(t0, "UTC0");
    time_convert(t0, "IST-5:30");
    time_convert(t0, "EST5");
    time_convert(t0, "EST5EDT");
    time_convert(t0, "PST8");
    time_convert(t0, "PST8PDT");
}

在您的原始代码中,您必须考虑在更改小时偏移量后对时间结构进行规范化。你可以用mktime()函数做到这一点。下面是一个基于问题中的函数的程序,它是纯C语言,避免了返回指向局部变量的指针(以及以分号结尾的#define)的问题:

#include <assert.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <time.h>
#define PST (-8)
extern int getSecondSystemTime(char *buffer, size_t buflen);
int getSecondSystemTime(char *buffer, size_t buflen)
{
    time_t rawtime = time(0);;
    struct tm *timeinfo;
    char t_buff[32];
    timeinfo = gmtime(&rawtime);
    timeinfo->tm_hour = timeinfo->tm_hour + PST;
    time_t pst_time = mktime(timeinfo);
    assert(pst_time != (time_t)-1);
    int len = strftime(t_buff, sizeof(t_buff), "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S", timeinfo);
    assert(len != 0);
    int rv = snprintf(buffer, buflen, "%ld = %s (%s)", (long)rawtime, t_buff, 
                      "Pacific Time (US & Canada)");
    assert(rv > 0);
    return rv;
}
int main(void)
{
    char buffer[128];
    getSecondSystemTime(buffer, sizeof(buffer));
    printf("%sn", buffer);
    return(0);
}

显然,更好的接口应该传递UTC时间值和时区偏移量(以小时和分钟为单位)作为参数。尽管我的计算机默认运行在美国/太平洋(或美国/洛杉矶)时区,但我测试了TZ设置为各种值(包括美国/东部,IST-05:30),并得到了正确的值;根据过去的经验,我有理由相信这个计算是正确的。

我有另一个程序,试图剖析从mktime()返回的-1是由于错误还是因为转换时间对应于(time_t)-1:

/* Attempt to determine whether time is really 1969-12-31 23:59:59 +00:00 */
static int unix_epoch_minus_one(const struct tm *lt)
{
    printf("tm_sec = %dn", lt->tm_sec);
    if (lt->tm_sec != 59)
        return(0);
    printf("tm_min = %dn", lt->tm_min);
    /* Accounts for time zones such as Newfoundland (-04:30), India (+05:30) and Nepal (+05:45) */
    if (lt->tm_min % 15 != 14)
        return(0);
    /* Years minus 1900 */
    printf("tm_year = %dn", lt->tm_year);
    if (lt->tm_year != 69 && lt->tm_year != 70)
        return(0);
    printf("tm_mday = %dn", lt->tm_mday);
    if (lt->tm_mday != 31 && lt->tm_mday != 1)
        return(0);
    /* Months 0..11 */
    printf("tm_mon = %dn", lt->tm_mon);
    if (lt->tm_mon != 11 && lt->tm_mon != 0)
        return(0);
    /* Pretend it is valid after all - though there is a small chance we are incorrect */
    return 1;
}

这里有一个更干净的方法(这个例子获得GMT时间,包括DST偏差):

struct STimeZoneFromRegistry
{
   long  Bias;
   long  StandardBias;
   long  DaylightBias;
   SYSTEMTIME StandardDate;
   SYSTEMTIME DaylightDate;
};

static SYSTEMTIME GmtNow()
{
   FILETIME UTC;
   GetSystemTimeAsFileTime(&UTC); 
   SYSTEMTIME GMT;
   TIME_ZONE_INFORMATION tz = {0};
   STimeZoneFromRegistry binary_data;
   DWORD size = sizeof(binary_data);
   HKEY hk = NULL;
   TCHAR zone_key[] = _T("SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion\Time Zones\GMT Standard Time");
   if ((RegOpenKeyEx(HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE, zone_key, 0, KEY_QUERY_VALUE, &hk) == ERROR_SUCCESS) &&
      (RegQueryValueEx(hk, "TZI", NULL, NULL, (BYTE *) &binary_data, &size) == ERROR_SUCCESS))
   {
      tz.Bias = binary_data.Bias;
      tz.DaylightBias = binary_data.DaylightBias;
      tz.DaylightDate = binary_data.DaylightDate;
      tz.StandardBias = binary_data.StandardBias;
      tz.StandardDate = binary_data.StandardDate;
   }
   SystemTimeToTzSpecificLocalTime(&tz, &UTC, &GMT);
   return GMT;
 }

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